Motherwell, Robert. 1915-91. US Abstract Expressionist painter. Created New York school. Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1949-59.

Mugwumps. 1884. US Republican reform faction. In England, politically neutral voters.

Mutual Assistance Pact. 1950. USSR supports China, sends arms to N Korea.

Nabis. 1890s. French painters opposed to Impressionism. Bold colors. Influenced Abstract Art. Bonnard. Denis.

National Security Act. 1947. Formed US National Security Council, CIA.

Native Land Acts. 1862, 65-92. New Zealand abolishes tribal land ownership, destroying traditional Maori society.

Nazi-Soviet Pact. German-Soviet Pact.

Noguchi, Isamu. 1904-88. Japanese/US abstract sculptor. UNESCO Garden, Paris 1958.

Nominalism. Philosophy. Abstractions do not exist. Things are their names. Vs Realists. Aristotle. Roscelin. Hobbes.

Nonconformists. Those who do not subscribe to a state religion. Act of Uniformity.

Objectivism. 20C philosophy of Ayn Rand. Egoism. One should act in self-interest. Altruism is a weakness.

O’Connell, Daniel. 1775-1847. Irish leader. Founded Catholic Association, 1823. Election to Parliament led to Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829.

October Manifesto. 1905. Nicholas II response to Russian Revolution. If enacted would have created a consititutional monarchy. Octobrists.

Octobrists. 1905-17. Russian party seeking enactment of October Manifesto.

O’Keefe, Georgia. 1887-1986. US semi-abstract artist.

Orangemen. 1795- Irish Protestant political faction.

Oxford Movement. 1833-45. Christian Socialist Tractarian movement for return to RC ritual, dogma in Anglican Church.

Paracelsus. 1493-1541. Swiss alchemist, physician. Chemical drugs. Named zinc. Practica 1529. Hypnotism. Great Surgery Book 1536.

Parliament Act. 1911. House of Lords loses veto after opposing tax on wealthy. Commons term 5 yrs.

Peel, Robert. 1788-1850. English Prime Minister 1834~46. London police force 1829. Income Tax 1842. Founded Conservative Party. Bank Charter Act. Repealed Corn Laws 1846.

Pendleton Civil Service Act. 1883. US creates merit based civil service system vs Spoils System.

Penry, John. 1559-93. Welsh Puritan executed for Marprelate Tracts.

Phrynichus. c512-476BC. Athenian playwright. First women characters. Capture of Miletus 494BC.

Physiognomism. Belief in the relationship between personality types and facial characteristics. Lavater. Aristotle.

Pickford, Mary. 1893-1979. Canadian/US silent film actress.

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