Stopes, Marie. 1880-1958. British Family Planning pioneer. First London birth control clinic 1921.

Straits Settlements. British colony in SE Asia 1795-1946. Malacca, Penang, Singapore.

Stuart, James. 1688-1766. “The Old Pretender”. Catholic Prince of Wales, claimant to British throne. Jacobites.

Stubbs, George. 1724-1806. British animal painter.

Sugar Act. 1764. British law to end sugar smuggling. A cause of American Revolution.

Sullivan, Arthur. 1842-1900. British composer. Operetta form. Mikado 1885. HMS Pinafore 1878. Onward Christian Soldiers. Gilbert.

Sumatra. 7C Hindu kingdom. 11C Srijava kingdom. 1509 Portugal settle.16C British, Dutch dispute. 19C Dutch colony. 1942-45 Japanese occupy. 1950 Indonesia.

Sunderland, Earl of. 1674-1722. British Whig minister. South Sea National Debt scheme.

Surinam. 1499 Spain discovers. 1651 British settle. 1667 =Dutch Guiana. 1680s Slaves brought 1948 = Surinam. 1975 Independent.

Swaziland.16C Bantu...19C Swazi. 1881 Independence guaranteed. 1894 South African protectorate. 1902 British protectorate. 1968 Independent kingdom.

Symons, Arthur. 1865-1945. British Symbolist poet.

Tahiti Dispute. 1836-44. British reject Tahitian request for protection vs French.

Tamworth Manifesto. 1834. Peel’s moderate reforms as British Conservative Party platform.

Tanganyika. Bantu. 18C Masai. 18-19C Slave source. 1871 Stanley, Livingstone. German East Africa. 1919 British mandate = Tanganyika. 1946 United Nations Trust. 1961 Independent. 1962 Republic. 1964 +Zanzibar=Tanzania. Nyerere.

Tasmania. 1642 Tasman discovers = Van Diemen’s Land. 1803-52 British penal settlement. 1856 Self-government = Tasmania. 1901 Australia.

Tawney, Richard. 1880-1962. British critic of affluent society. Acquisitive Society.

Tea Act. 1773. British give British East India Company effective monopoly in North America. Boston Tea Party.

Thalidomide. 1958-62. German/British sedative with disastrous effects on embryo development. Led to drug regulatory agencies worldwide.

Thames, Battle. 1813. US defeats British, Indians.

Thetis Disaster. 1939. British submarine fails to resurface.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Thomas, James. 1700-48. British poet. Seasons. Rule Britannia.

Thugs. Indian religious sect suppressed by British. Killed travellers to offer to goddess Kali.

Ticonderoga, Battle. 1775. Green Mountain Boys defeat British, capture Fort Ticonderoga.

Tientsin, Treaty. 1858. British, French concessions established.

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