Gold Coast. 1481 Portugal. 1642 Dutch. 1874 Britain. 1957 Independent +British Togoland = Ghana.

Gold Standard. 1821-1937. Definition of national currencies in terms of gold purchasing power. Ended: 1931 Britain, 1933 USA, 1936 France. Friedman. Bretton Woods.

Great Britain. 1707 Kingdom of England, Scotland, Wales. United Kingdom. Act of Union.

Gulf War. 1990-91. Allies (US, Britain, France, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia +26 others) expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Guyana. Arawak, Carib, Warrau. 1498 Columbus discovers. 16C Dutch settle. 1814 Britain. 1831 Colony =British Guiana. 1966 Independent =Guyana. 1970 Republic.

Hair Powder Tax. 1795-1869. Britain.

Hallmark. 1300. First required in Britain.

Hanover. Dynasty of Germany 1692-1866, Britain 1714-1901.

Hessians. German mercenaries fighting for Britain in American Revolution.

Historia Regum Britanniae. c1135. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s history of Britain from legendary founding. Popularized legends of King Arthur.

Home Rule Movement, Irish. 1870-c1920. For independence from Britain.

Hydrogen Bomb. Thermonuclear or H-Bomb. 1952 US. 1953 USSR. 1957 Britain. 1968 France. 1971 China. 1974 India. ? Israel. Atomic Bomb.

Immigration Acts. 1962. Britain limits immigration from Commonwealth.

Income Tax. Britain: 1193 Walter to ransom Richard I. 1799-1815 To finance war vs Napoleon. 10% over £200; 1842 Peel 3%. US: 1862-72 3% over $800 (5% if outside US); 1913 over $3000 only.

Independent Labour Party. 1893. Britain. Founded by Hardie....Labour Party 1906.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Ireland Referendum. 1973. Vote in favour of Union of Northern Ireland with Britain.

Irish Home Rule. 1880-1920. Movement for Irish independence from Britain. Home rule granted 1920...Irish Free State.

James II. 1633-1701. King of Great Britain 1685-8. Exiled 1689- in France. Supported Catholics. Bloody Assizes. Glorious Revolution overthrew him.

Kandy. 15C-1818. Sinhalese kingdom in Ceylon overthrown by Britain.

Kedah. Independent. 1791 British East Indian Co. 1821 Siam. 1909 Britain. 1941 Japanese. 1946 Malaya.

King George’s War. 1744-8. France vs Britain, War of Austrian Succession in North America. No territorial changes. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748.

King William’s War. 1689-97. Britain vs France in North America. War of Grand Alliance. First French-Indian War.

Labour Party. 1888 Scotland. 1890 NZ. 1891 Australia. 1900 Britain. 1930 Israel. Founded by unions, Fabians for democratic change towards socialism. First UK MPs elected 1906. First UK Labour government 1924.

Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

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