James, St. -c62. Apostle. “Lord’s brother”. Wrote Epistle of James.

James II. 1633-1701. King of Great Britain 1685-8. Exiled 1689- in France. Supported Catholics. Bloody Assizes. Glorious Revolution overthrew him.

Jameson Raid. 1895. Abortive British-led revolt vs Boer government of Transvaal.

Java. 3C BC Indian infl. 8C Srivijaya(W). 13C Majapahit. 16C Mataran (Islamic). 1618 Dutch E Ind Co...1799 Dutch. 1811-16 British occupy. 1910 Indonesia. 1942-5 Japan occupies.

Jay’s Treaty. 1794. Brititish concessions to US to avoid another war doesn’t appease Americans.

Jellicoe, John. 1859-1935. British WWI Admiral. Jutland.

Jennings, Peter. 1950-. British author/inventor. Microchess 1976. Visidex 1980. Pocket History 1986-2009. MagicNotch 1990.

Jeremiah. c650-570BC. Old Testament Hebrew prophet.

Jerome, St. c347-c420. Translated Greek and Hebrew bible to Latin. Vulgate.

Jerusalem. 3500BC settled. c1000BC David conquers for Israel. 721BC Assyrians conquer. Lost Tribes. 586BC Nebuchadnezzar. 539BC Cyrus. 332BC Alexander...320BC Ptolemy I Soter. 197BC Seleucid. 167BC Hasmonaean. 63BC Rome. 324 Byzantine. 614 Persia. 637 Moslem. 1099 Crusades. Latin Kingdom. 1187 Saladin. 1260 Mameluk. 1517 Ottoman. 1917 British Mandate. 1949 Israel/Jordan. 1967 Israel re-unites. 1996 Israel/Palestinian Authority.

Jesuit Estates Act. 1888. Quebec awards restitution to Jesuits for British land appropriation 1773.

Jews. Individuals of Jewish parentage or Judaic religion. Descendents of Israelites who survived Babylonian Captivity. Hebrew.

Jibril. Islamic archangel. God’s messenger to Muhammad. = Gabriel.

Jingoism. Excessive nationalism. Originally for British who intervened in Russo-Turkish War, 1877.

Joad, CEM. 1891-1953. British pacifist agnostic Rationalist philosopher. Vitalism. Guide to Philosophy 1936.

John VI. 1769-1826. King of Portugal 1816-. Brazil independence.

John of Brienne. 1148-1237. French. Led 5th Crusade. King of Jerusalem 1210-25.

Johns, Jasper. 1930-. US Pop artist. Painted Bronze 1960 (2 beer cans).

Johnson, Amy. 1903-41. Pioneer British airwoman.

Jolson, Al. 1886-1950. US Vaudeville and Broadway performer. First talking film: The Jazz Singer 1927.

Jonah. Hebrew prophet who spent three days in the stomach of a whale.

Jordan. 13C BC Hebrew(W). 6C BC Nabataean(E). 4C Seleucid(N)/Ptolemy(S). 63BC Rome. 637 Moslem. 1918 British mandate, Hashimite kingdom. 1946 Independent Transjordan. 1949 = Jordan.

Joseph of Arimathea, St. Buried Jesus in his own tomb. By legend, brought Holy Grail to England.

Judaism. Monotheistic religion founded by Abraham, who had covenant with God. Branches include: Orthodox. 19C-. Rigorous adherence to original Jewish Law; Rabbinic. 70-18C. Priest replaced by Rabbi. Sacrifice...Study of Torah. Temple...Synagogue; Reform. 19C. Modern liberal interpretation of Judaism. Hasidism. Mishna. Moses.

Judicial. Branch of US government. Supreme and lower courts can invalidate Acts of Congress.

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