Apollonius Rhodius. 3C BC. Poet, librarian at Alexandria. Argonautica.

Appeasement Policy. 1937-9. British yield to Nazi demands in hope of maintaining peace. Munich Agreement. Gentleman’s Agreement.

Appian Way. 312BC. Appius Claudius’ road from Rome to Brindisi.

Aquila Ponticus. 2C. Translated Old Testament from Hebrew to Greek. Version adopted by Jews.

Arabia. Semite. 6C BC Chaldean. c106BC Rome. 622 Caliphate Empire. 16C Ottoman. 17C Persia (E). Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, UAR, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain.

Arms, Assize of. 1181. Forced Brit. free men to acquire arms.

Arne, Thomas. 1710-78. English composer: Rule Britannia 1740. Operas.

Arras, Battle. 1917. British WWI defeat.

Art Deco. 1920-39. Elegant Parisian decorative style. Erte. Lalique. Chanel.

Art Nouveau. (Jugendstil). 1885-1910. Originally English style of art and architecture. Reaction to Industrial uniformity. Beardsley. Tiffany. Gaudi.

Arthur I. 1187-1203. Duke of Brittany. Claimant to English throne. Defeated by John I.

Ashurbanipal. Assyrian king 669-626BC. Lost Egypt. Built Nineveh Library-22,000 clay tablets.

Assaye, Battle. 1803. British win in 2nd Maratha War.

Astor, Nancy. 1879-1964. First woman to sit in British House of Commons, 1919-45.

Atlantic, Battle. 1939-45. Unsuccessful German attempt to blockade Britain, WWII.

Atlantic Charter. 1941. British-US declaration of 8 principles of peace and security. Endorsed by >25 nations.

Atom Bomb. 1945 US. 1949 USSR. 1952 Britain. 1960 France. 1964 China. 1974 India. 1989 South Africa (dismantled). 1998 Pakistan. ? Israel. 1990s Argentina, Brazil. Soon: Iraq, Iran, North Korea. H-Bomb. Neutron Bomb.

Attlee, Clement. 1883-1967. British Labour Prime Minister. 1945-51. National Health. Nationalization.

Attwood, Thomas. 1783-1856. British Chartist.

Auden, W.H. 1907-73. English/US poet/opera librettist. The Rake’s Progress 1951.

Ayer, Alfred. 1910-89. British Logical Positivist. Foundation of Empirical Knowledge. Language, Truth and Logic 1936.

Baal. 20-8C BC. Canaanite fertility god. King of gods. Condemned by Hebrews. =Zeus.

Babbage, Charles. 1792-1871. British. Invented Difference Engine, 1823-34 -first computer. Founded British Association for the Advancement of Science 1831, Royal Astronomical Society 1820, Royal Statistical Society 1834.

Bach, Johann Sebastian. 1685-1750. German composer of fugues and chorales. Peak of polyphonic music. Brandenburg Concerto 1721. Well Tempered Clavier. Art of Fugue 1749.

Baer, Karl. 1792-1876. Estonian/German naturalist: founded science of embryology. Discovered ovum 1827.

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