Chateaubriand. 1768-1848. French Romantic writer: d’Atala 1801. Memoirs d’outre-tombe.

Chess. 7C Indian game evolved from earlier board games with carved pieces. 750 China. 10C Moslems brought to Europe. 1254 banned by Louis IX.

Childs. Britain. First cheques 1761.

Chivalry. 12-15C. International brotherhood of knights and their code of conduct.

Chocolate. 1519 Cortes brings to Spain 1657 first Chocolate House. 1847 Fry: bars. 1875 Peter: Milk Chocolate.

Chouans. 1793-1815. Breton peasants and smugglers, joined Vendée Royalists.

Christo, (Gabrovo Javacheff). 1935-. Bulgarian/US artist with wife Jeanne-Claude. Pont Neuf Packaged 1985. Reichstag 1995.

Chu Hsi. 1130-1200. Chinese Neo-Confucian. Four Books 1189. Individual goodness can be brought out by study of the classics.

Churchill, Winston. 1874-1965. British WWII Prime Minister. 1940-5,51-5.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

Cimbri. 2C BC. Germanic tribe. Invaded Rome. Annihilated.

Clarence, Duke of. 1449-78. Conspired vs brother Henry IV. Executed.

Clarke, Arthur C. 1917-2008. British science fiction writer. Predicted geosynchronous satellites 1945. 2001: A Space Odyssey 1968.

Claudius I. 10BC-54AD. Roman Emperor 41-. Added Britain to empire.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. 1850-1901. US-British agree not to colonize Central America. Panama Canal.

Cleopatra’s Needles. c1500BC Thutmose III. Gift of Egypt to Britain, US. Erected London 1878, NY 1881.

Clinton, Henry. 1738-95. Commander 1778-81. Blamed for British defeat in American Revolution.

Clive, Robert. 1725-74. Conquerer, First British governor of Bengal.

Cobden, Richard. 1804-65. British Radical MP. Anti-Corn Law League.

Cobden, Treaty. 1860. Free trade between Britain and France.

Cocoa. 1494 brought to Europe by Columbus.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Colchester. Pre-Roman Belgic capital. First Roman settlement in Britain.

Cold War. 1946-90. Alternating crisis and detente between west and east, begun with Russia breaking Potsdam Agreement and creating communist regimes in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.

Collins, Wilkie. 1824-89. First British detective novel writer. Woman in White 1860. No Name 1862.

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