Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

CWA. Civil Works Admin. US New Deal project employed 4M.

Deacon. Christian cleric. Lowest rank of Episcopal Holy Orders. Protestant lay official.

Dead Sea Scrolls. 3C BC-1C AD. Old Testament texts of Essenes. Discovered at Qumrum, 1947.

Deák, Ferenc. 1803-76. Hungarian leader. Ausgleich.

Deakin, Alfred. 1856-1919. Australian Prime Minister 1903~10. First Attorney General 1901. Led federation movement.

Dean, James. 1931-55. US film star. Rebel Without a Cause 1955.

Deane, Silas. 1737-89. American Revolutionary. First US foreign diplomat.

Defoe, Daniel. 1660-1731. English writer: Robinson Crusoe 1719; Moll Flanders 1722. Idea of savings bank, 1697.

Delaroche, Paul. 1797-1859. French portrait and historical painter. Death of Queen Elizabeth. Children of Edward.

Dieppe. 1942. Unsuccessful Canadian-led experimental assault on French port. 44,000 dead.

Don Quixote. Cervantes’ idealist 16C hero who attacks sheep and tilts at windmills.

Donne, John. 1572-1631. English metaphysicist. Dean of St. Paul’s 1621-31. Elegies, Songs, Sonnets, Devotions. “No man is an island.”

Draco. Author of written law code, Athens, 621BC. Death was penalty for petty crimes. Later repealed.

Ehrlich, Paul. 1854-1915. German bacteriologist. Salvarsan syphilis treatment, 1909. Idea of specific drugs as “magic bullets”.

Encyclopédists. 1751-72. Group who wrote encyclopaedia under Diderot. Voltaire, Helvetius, D’Alembert. As sceptics, they popularized social ideas which led to the French Revolution.

Épée, Abbé de l’. 1712-89. French educator of deaf-mutes. Natural sign language.

Eucken, Rudolf. 1846-1926. German philosopher: personal ethics are more important than intellectual idealism.

Euripides. c480-406BC. Greek tragic poet, sceptical of myths. Medea 431. Iphegenia. Electra.

Fair Deal. 1945,9. Truman’s program for jobs, housing, social insurance in US.

Fates. Three goddesses who determines the birth, life, and death of a man.

Feuerbach, Ludwig. 1804-72. German philosopher. God is illusion. Immortality of man is only through works and offspring. Thoughts on Death 1830.

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