Boleslav the Cruel. -967. Brother, murdered St. Wenceslaus to become Prince of Bohemia, 929.

Borodin, Aleksander. 1833-87. Russian heroic composer. Prince Igor 1869.

Buddha. c566-486BC. Gautama, Siddhartha. Indian prince, Buddhism founder.

Charlie, Bonnie Prince. 1720-88. Scottish Stuart pretender to the English throne. Unsuccessful revolt 1745. Exiled.

Condé, Louis I de Bourbon, Prince. 1530-60. Led Amboise Conspiracy.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuza, Alexandru. 1820-73. First Prince of Romania, 1859-66. Freed serfs. Educational reform.

Danilo I-II. 1677-1835, 1826-60. Montenegrin Prince-Bishops.

David ap Gaiffudd. -1283. Last native Prince of Wales. Rebelled vs English. Executed.

Dmitri. 1350-89. Moscow prince defeats Golden Horde 1380.

Edgar Aetheling. 1050-1130. Anglo-Saxon prince who submitted to William I.

Electors. 1356-1806. German princes who elected HRE.

Enghien, Duc d’. Prince of Condé. 1772-1804. Executed for alleged plot against Napoleon.

Eugène of Savoy, Prince. 1663-1736. French General of H.R. Imperial armies. Defeated Turks in Vienna and Hungary.

Ferdinand. 1861-1948. Crown prince 1887-, First czar of Bulgaria 1908-18. Fought Ottomans. Gained independence.

Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Gautama, Siddhartha. -480BC. Prince. Buddha.

George I. 1845-1913. Danish Prince William, chosen king of Greece 1863-. Assassinated.

Hector. Prince, defender of Troy, killed by Achilles.

Henry the Navigator. 1394-1460. Portuguese prince. Sponsored African exploration. School of Navigation 1423.

Igor. 1151-1202. Russian prince defeated by Polotsy. Hero of literature.

Isabel. 1846-1921. Brazilian princess. As regent during Pedro II absence, abolished slavery 1888. Led to fall of Brazilian Empire.

Jacobites. 1688-1753. Supporters of exiled James II and Stuart line after Glorious Revolution. 1715 “Old Pretender” James fails to claim British throne. 1745-6. Bonnie Prince Charlie unable to reclaim throne of England/Scotland. Stuart supporters aided rebels in Scotland and Ireland. Culloden Moor.

LaFayette, Marie. 1634-93. First psychological novelist. Princess of Cleves 1678.

Langtry, Lily. 1853-1929. English beauty/actress. Favourite of Edward VII as Prince of Wales.

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