Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Llwelyn. Welsh prince, 1246-82. With Montfort in Barons War.

Lvov, Prince Georgi. 1861-1925. Russian leader of Provisional Government, 1917.

MacDonald, Flora. 1722-90. Scottish Jacobite. Aided Prince Charles after Culloden defeat.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Marston Moor, Battle. 1644. English Civil War turning point. Cromwell defeats Rupert.

Maurice of Nassau. 1567-1625. Prince of Orange 1618-. Dutch military leader. Fought Spanish 1590s.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Michael the Brave. 1558-1601. Prince of Wallachia. United Romania 1600.

Milan. 1854-1901. Serbian prince 1868-, king 1882-9. Won independence from Ottomans 1878.

Mitlosh. 1780-1860. Serbian prince. Led revolt against Turkey 1827.

Montpensier, Louise, Duchesse de. 1627-93. French princess. Led rebels in Fronde 1652.

Nicholas I. 1841-1921. Prince/King of Montenegro 1860-. Opposed union with Serbia. Deposed 1918.

Oleg. -c912. Varangian prince of Kiev, founded Rus state.

Orléans, Gaston, duc d’. 1608-60. French prince vs Richelieu. Exiled 1632-2. Led Fronde.

Oudenaarde, Battle. 1708. Churchill, Prince Eugène defeat French.

Pedro II. 1825-91. Last Emperor of Brazil 1831-89. Slavery abolished by Isabel as Princess Regent, 1888, led to overthrow.

Phaedra. Mythical Greek princess. Falsely accused Hippolytus of rape.

Philomela. Mythical Greek princess. Raped by Tereus. Tongue cut out.

Philopappus. Syrian prince. Roman consul. Monument faces on Acropolis.

Prince of Asturias. 1379-. Title of heir apparent to Spanish throne.

Prince Rupert’s Land. Hudson Bay drainage area, NW Territory.

Protestant Union. 1608-21. German princes vs reimposition of Catholicism.

Rainier III. 1923-. Prince of Monaco, 1949-. Grimaldi.

Rákóczi I, György. 1593-1648. Transylvanian prince. Won rights from Hapsburgs for Hungarians.

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