Johnson, Samuel. 1709-84. English lexicographer. Dictionary 1755. Subject of Boswell biography.

Ka’bah. Shrine in Great Mosque. Moslem Hijrah pilgrimage objective. Contains Black Stone of Mecca given to Adam to absorb his sins. Kidnaped 930-950.

Lear. Mythological Celtic king. Shakespearean subject.

Lebensraum. “Living Space”. Nazi expansionist objective, 1936-.

Merrick, Joseph. 1862-90. “Elephant Man”. Severely disfigured English cripple, subject of play and film.

Naturalism. 19-20C Literary movement presenting life objectively. Zola.

Objectivism. 20C philosophy of Ayn Rand. Egoism. One should act in self-interest. Altruism is a weakness.

Pale. Region of a country subject to separate laws or government. 1171-16C part of Ireland subject to English rule. Pale of Settlement 1792-1917, Jews in Russia.

Popper, Karl. 1902-94. Austrian/British philosopher. Objective knowledge. All knowledge grows from conjecture and refutation. Social advance made one step at a time.

Protagoras. c485-411BC. First Greek Sophist. “Man is the measure of all things”. “Truth is subjective to each person”. Exiled c415-.

Rand, Ayn. 1905-82. Russian/US Objectivist novelist. Fountainhead 1943. Atlas Shrugged 1957.

Remington, Frederic. 1861-1909. US artist of western subjects.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Romantic Movement. Reaction vs Enlightenment, French cultural domination. Native themes, individuality, subjectivity, self-expression.

Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

Social Darwinism. 19C theory that social man is subject to the “survival of the fittest”.

Socrates. c470-399BC. Greek philosopher. Knowledge is the key to influencing destiny. Ignorance leaves one subject to fate. Socratic method of teaching by dialog. Dialectic. Condemned for impiety and corrupting the young - drank hemlock. “Know thyself”.

Strindberg, August. 1849-1912. Swedish subjective writer of novels and dramas. Miss Julie.

Symbolists. 19C French literary movement expressing truth subjectively by symbols. Spread to art, music. Verlaine. Mallarmé. Munch.

Thucydides. 5C BC. Greek historian of Peloponnesian Wars. Objective historical science.

Unicorn. Mythical subject of art 400BC-Middle Ages.

Van Dyck, Anthony. 1599-1641. Flemish portrait painter. Subjects showed dignity, elegance. Charles I 1635.

William II. Rufus. 1056-1100. King of England 1087-. Brutal. Subjugated Scotland, Wales.