Independents. Separatists. 17C English Christian sects believing that congregation should control its own affairs. Congregationalism. Puritans.

India Act. 1784. Transferred control of British East India Co to Parliament. 1858. All power over India from East India Co to British crown. 1919-35. Created bicameral parliament of limited authority.

Italian Wars. 1494-1559. Spain, HRE defeat France for control of Italy.

Kulturkampf. c1871-87. Bismarck tries to control Roman Catholic Church. Accomodation reached.

Lapse, Doctrine of. British East India Company claimed control of any state where direct royal line ended causing Indian Mutiny 1857. Dalhousie.

London Treaty. 1674 Holland, England end War. 1824 Netherlands, Britain for control of Malaya. 1827 Britain, France, Russia to force mediation on Turkey/Greek freedom fighters. 1831 Belgian War of Independence. 1832 Britain, France, Bavaria made Otto I, King of Greece. 1852 Danish Succession. 1867 Luxembourg independence granted. 1871 Ended neutrality of Black Sea. 1913 Ended first Balkan War. 1915 (Secret) Britain-France-Russia grant concessions to Italy for joining WWI allies. Revealed by Bolsheviks 1918.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Minos. Legendary King of Crete. Kept Minotaur, controlled Aegean islands.

Nassau. German family which controlled the Rhine from 12C. One branch was House of Orange.

OPEC. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. 1961- International cartel sets prices by controlling supply. Created oil shortage 1973.

Outer Space Treaty. 1967. International cooperation in space. Controlled military uses. 70+ signatories.

Peking Protocol. 1901-43. European powers control Peking. Boxer Rebellion indemnity to be paid.

Philippine Revolution. 1896-8. For independence from Spain allowed US control. Insurrection.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Reconstruction. 1865-77. Post Civil War US. Military control of south. Civil Rights Act. Carpetbaggers.

Reed, Walter. 1851-1902. Discovered, 1900, connection between Yellow Fever and mosquito, control of which allowed the Panama Canal to be built.

Regulating Act. 1773. To control East India Company’s administion of India.

Roman Question. 1861-1929. Italy vs Papacy over control of Rome. Lateran Treaty.

Sacred Wars. 6-4C BC. Greek city-states, for control of of shrine at Delphi.

Sicilian Vespers. 1282. Aragon-inspired massacre of French in Sicily. Aragon takes control.

Sino-French War. 1883-85. France wins control of Vietnam.

Stahl, Georg. 1660-1734. German chemist. Animalism-soul controls bodily functions. Theory of Combustion 1702.

States General. French Representative Assembly. 1302 First summoned by Philip IV. 14-15C Controlled taxes; failed to control government. 1789 last summoned by Louis XVI. 1=Clergy. 2=Nobility. 3=Bourgeoisie.

Stolypin, Pyotr. 1862-1911. Russian Prime Minister 1906-. Used secret police to control revolutionaries. Moderate reforms.

Thaw, the. 1954-7. Relaxed government control on Soviet literature.

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