Orsini. 12C-. Influential Roman family. Popes Celestine III, Nicholas III, Benedict XIII.

Plassey, Battle. 1757. British conquer Bengal.

Portland, William Bentrick, Duke of. 1649-1709. Dutch/English statesman. Boyne. Treaty of Rijswijk.

Progressive Conservative. 1854-. (Named 1942) Major Canadian political party. Bennet. Diefenbaker.

Reform Bills. England. 1832: Russell redistributes Parliamentary seats, enfranchises renters. 1867: Disraeli enfranchises workers in towns. 1884: Gladstone enfranchises agricultural workers. Representation of People Acts.

Reforma. 1854-76. Mexican civil war. Ouster of Santa Anna. Reduced power of army, church. Tejada Law. Juárez.

Ribbentrop, Joachim von. 1893-1946. German Nazi foreign minister 1933-45. Hanged at Nuremberg.

Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Salimbene di Adam. 1221-90. Parmese chronicler of 13C life.

Seven Gods of Luck. Japanese. 16C-. Bishamon, Daikoku, Ebisu, Fukurokuju, Hotei, Jurojin, Benten.

Sorel, George. 1847-1922. French advocate of revolutionary syndicalism. Reflection on Violence 1908 justified violence and general strikes. Influenced Mussolini.

Spaak, Paul. 1899-1972. Belgian Prime Minister. First President of UN General assembly. EEC, Benelux, NATO.

Steuben, Baron von. 1730-94. Prussian general. Trained, organized American Revolution army 1778-.

Styria. Celtic. 15BC Rome. 5C Germanic. 6C Slav. 8C Frankish. 9C German. 1056 Steyr. 1180 Duchy. 1192 Babenberg. 1276 Hapsburg. 1918 Austria. 1919 S: Yugoslavia.

Tagore, Rabindranath. 1861-1941. Bengali writer. Blending eastern, western thought.

Tarpeian Rock. Rome. Tarpeia, who betrayed Rome to Sabines is buried beneath. Traitors thrown to death from it.

Unverdorben, Otto. 1806-73. Aniline dyes from indigo 1826.

Utilitarianism. Good is the maximum good for the maximum number of people. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. Moore.

Victor Emmanuel III. 1869-1947. Last Italian king 1900~46. Supported Mussolini. Abdicated.

Wallace, Lewis. 1827-1905. US soldier, author. Ben Hur 1880.

West, Benjamin. 1738-1820. US/English historical painter. Death of General Wolfe 1771.

Westminster Abbey. 7C Benedictine monastery. 1050-65 New Building, additions by Edward the Confessor; 1245 by Henry III. West towers 1745. Used for all British coronations since William I.

Zakkai, Johann ben. 2C founder of Rabbinic Judaism.

Zog I. 1895-1961. King of Albania 1928-39. Dependent on Mussolini. Deposed after Italy invaded.