Franklin, Benjamin. 1706-90. US author, scientist, revolutionary leader. Poor Richard’s Almanac 1732-57. Franklin Stove 1744. Lightning rod 1752. Bifocals 1784.

Fry, Christopher. 1907-. English dramatist: Lady’s not for Burning 1948. Venus Observed. Ben Hur 1959.

God. Christian, Judaic, Islamic supreme being. Infinite, omniscient, benevolent creator.

Goodman, Benny. 1909-86. US clarinetist/ bandleader. “King of Swing”.

Gottwald, Klement. 1896-1953. Czech Communist President 1948-. Overthrew Beneš in coup.

Gregory I, St. Benedictine Pope 590-604. Developed Plainsong, Gregorian chant. Sent Augustine to Canterbury.

Guido d’Arezzo. c990-1050. Italian Benedictine monk. Invented musical staff.

Hastings, Warren. 1732-1818. First English Gov-Gen of Bengal, 1772-84/5. Impeached...acquitted.

Johanan ben Zakkai. 1C Pharisee. Founder of Jabne Academy, 70. Foundations of Rabbinic and Talmudic Judaism.

Jonson, Ben. 1572-1637. English poet, dramatist: Drink to me Only with Thine Eyes. Every Man in his Humour 1601. Alchemist 1610. 1598 escaped gallows by Benefit of Clergy.

Jowett, Benjamin. 1817-93. English scholar. Translated Dialogues of Plato 1871.

Juárez, Benito. 1806-72. Mexican hero. Leader 1855~. Overthrew Santa Anna. La Reforma.

Kekulé, August. 1829-96. Benzene ring structure discovered in dream, 1865. Valence bond theory.

Latrobe, Benjamin. 1764-1820. US Greek Revival architect. Rebuilt Capitol 1814.

Lebensraum. “Living Space”. Nazi expansionist objective, 1936-.

Liberalism. 19C. Movement for freedom of the individual, democracy. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. 20C. Movement to free individuals from economic restraint by social welfare programs.

Luna, Pedro de. = Antipope Benedict XIII.

Mabillon, Jean. 1632-1707. French Benedictine scholar. Science of diplomatics. De re diplomatica 1681.

Mannerism. 16C Exaggerated colorful painting style emphasizing craft, decorum. Palissy. Dürer. Cellini. Bruegel.

March on Rome. 1922. Mussolini’s planned Fascist insurrection. Facta resigned.

Mermaid Tavern. 15C-1666. London meeting place of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne et al.

Modernismo. 1888-. Spanish exotic poetry movement in wake of Symbolists. Darío.

Montecassino. 529. Oldest Benedictine Monastery.

Mussolini, Benito. Il Duce. 1883-1945. Italian Fascist dictator 1922-. Seized Abyssinia 1935. Allied with Germany WWII. Shot.

Nashe, Thomas. 1567-1601. English anti-Puritan satirist, imprisoned on Isle of Dogs with Jonson.

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