West, Nathanael. 1903-40. US novelist. Absurd, black humour. Miss Lonelyhearts 1933. Day of the Locusts 1939.

Wharton, Edith. 1862-1937. US novelist. Ethan Frome 1911. Age of Innocence 1920.

Whig. 1679-19C. British political party =Liberal. Originally to oppose James II. Came to represent wealthy middle class. Tory.

Whig. 1834-54. US political party. Divided over slavery, most became Republican.

Whistler, James. 1834-1903. US painter. Use of light and color influenced abstract art. Arrangement in Black and Grey, No 1 (Whistler’s Mother) 1871.

White Terror. 1815. Against Jacobins and Bonapartists.

Whitlam, Gough. 1916-. Australian Labour Prime Minister 1972-5. Quit Vietnam War. Dismissed by Governor General. Reduced immigration restrictions. White Australia.

Whitney, Eli. 1765-1825. US inventor. Cotton gin, 1793. Mass production with interchangeable parts 1801.

Wilde, Oscar. 1854-1900. Irish writer. Imprisoned for homosexuality. “Art for art’s sake”. Dorian Gray 1891. Importance of Being Earnest 1895. Ballad of Reading Gaol 1898.

Wilson, Harold. 1916-95. British Labour Prime Minister 1964~76.

Winckelmann, Johann. 1717-68. German archeologist, art historian. History of Art of Antiquity 1764. Modern archeology.

Wishart, George 1513-46. Scottish Protestant martyr.

Wittenberg. 1517. Church door on which Luther posted his 95 Theses.

Worms, Diet of. 1521. Called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Lutheranism outlawed. Luther declared heretic, exiled. Reformation.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Yin. Chinese symbol of earth, dark, female, cold, passive, negative. Yang.

Zaibatsu. 1868-1946. Japanese family owned-cartels. Mitsui. Mitsubishi. Sumitomo. Yasuda.

Zama, Battle. 202BC. Rome defeats Hannibal near Carthage. Punic Wars.

Znaim Armistice. 1809. Napoleon and Archduke Charles. Wagram Battle.

Zuccarelli, Francesco. 1702-88. Italian landscape artist. Influenced English. Florentine Royal Academy 1768.