Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

McCarthy, Joseph. 1909-57. US senator, fanatical anti-Communist demagogue.

Medici. Merchant family. Ruled Florence 1434~1737. Patron of Italian Renaissance arts. Catherine. Marie. Popes Leo X, Clement VII, Leo XI.

Medieval Art. 10-13C. Religious Gothic.

Megalopolis. 370-222BC. Greek city destroyed by Spartan Cleomenes III.

Meleager. Greek hero. Killed Artemis’ boar.

Mellon, Andrew. 1855-1937. US financier. Donated art, money to found National Gallery.

Mendelssohn-(Bartholdy), Felix. 1809-47. German Classical Romantic melodic composer. Hebrides 1829.

Menelaus. King of Sparta. Husband of Helen of Troy.

Mensheviks. 1903-22. Pacifist minority Social Democratic Workers Party members under Martov split from Bolsheviks. Sought gradual vs revolutionary socialism. Suppressed after October Revolution.

Mercator, Gerardus. 1512-94. Flemish cartographer. Projection of globe onto flat surface 1569. Atlas 1595.

Merlin. Wizard of Arthurian legend.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Messina. 730BC Greek. 396BC Carthage. 264BC Independent. 535 Byzantine. 843 Saracens sack. 1061 Norman...«Sicily.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Middle Kingdom. 2040-1786BC. Golden age of art and commerce in Egypt.

Midgard. Norse middle earth. Home of the human race.

Milan. c400BC Celtic. 222BC Rome. 539 Goths destroy. 12C Independent. 1277 Visconti. 1450 Sforzas. 1535 Spain. 1713 Austria. 1797 Napoleon. 1815 Austria. 1859 Sardinia. 1861 Italy.

Milan, Decree. 1807. Napoleon Continental System edict.

Mill, John Stuart. 1806-73. English Utilitarian Positivist philosopher. Social as well as political freedom is necessary. Tyranny of the majority. Associationism. Political Economy 1848. On Liberty 1859. Utilitarianism 1863. Women’s Right to Vote 1866.

Miller, Arthur. 1915-2005. US playwright. Death of a Salesman 1949. Crucible 1953.

Minerva. Roman goddess of wisdom and arts = Athena.

Ming. 1368-1644. Chinese dynasty. Expanded empire. Arts flourished.

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