Caran d’Ache. 1858-1909. Russian/French humorist, cartoonist.

Carpion. Greek. An architect of Parthenon.

Carrhae, Battle. 53BC. Failed Roman invasion of Parthia. Crassus killed. End of first triumvirate.

Carter, Elliott. 1908-. US composer. Experimental approach to material and structure.

Carter, Jimmy. 1924-. US President 1977-81. Camp David Talks. Habitat for Humanity.

Cartesians. Descartes.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Carthusians. 1084. Strict order of monks founded by St Bruno. Inventors of Chartreuse liqueur.

Cartier, Jacques. 1491-1557. French explorer, discovered St. Lawrence River 1534.

Cartouche. 1693-1721. Chief of a band of thieves in Paris 1717-.

Cartwright, Alexander. “Father of American baseball”. Established rules for modern game.

Cartwright, Edmund. 1743-1823. Power loom 1785.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Cassini, César. 1714-84. Italian/French astronomer, cartographer of France.

Castiglione. 1796. Napoleonic victory kept Austria out of Italy.

Catacombs. (Paris) 1785. Former quarry turned into ossuary. Headquarters of WWII French Resistance.

Catalonia. Iberians. Colonized by Phoenicia, Greece, Carthage. c200BC Rome. 5C Goths. 712 Moors. c788 Charlemagne. 1137 +Aragon. 1932 Autonomous. 1939 Spain.

Catherine, St. 4C. Virgin martyred on the wheel in Alexandria.

Catherine de Medici. 1519-89. Wife of Henry II, mother of 3 French kings, built Tuileries Palace. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

Cato St. Conspiracy. 1820. Thistlewood plot to assassinate cabinet ministers.

Catolacus. 1C Roman settlement in Paris quarter of St-Denis.

Catulus, Gaius. 3C BC. Roman General. Defeated Carthage. Ended First Punic War.

Cavalier Party. 1660-88. Royalists. Became Tory.

Cavaliers. Royalist partisans in English Civil War.

CCF. 1932. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Canadian Socialist party. 1961 =New Democratic Party.

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