Alcalá Zamora, Niceto. 1877-1949. President, Spanish Republic, 1931-6. Died in exile.

Alcazar. 14-15C Moorish fortresses in Spain. Seville 1364. Toledo, Segovia.

Azaña, Manuel. 1880-1940. Spanish Republican Prime Minister 31-33, President 36-9.

Balthazar. (Belshazzar). -539BC. Babylonian co-regent. Daniel read writing on his wall 539BC.

Bazaine, Achille. 1811-88. French marshal, surrendered Metz, 1870. Condemned as traitor. Escaped 1874.

Belshazzar. Balthazar.

Bérulle, Cardinal Pierre. 1575-1629. Founder of Oratory. ‘French’ school of spiritual thought. Congregation of priests...Lazarites. Congregationalists.

Carnot, Lazare. 1753-1823. French mathematician. Called “organizer of victory” by Revolutionaries. Member of Directory, Tribunal. Instituted conscription.

CIS. 1991. Commonwealth of Independent States led by Russia. Ukraine, Belarus. Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova.

Conscription. 1793. Carnot devised first compulsory military service for France. Used in Egypt’s Old Kingdom.

Four Nations, College of. 1661-1793. Paris, Established by Mazarin bequest...Institute of France.

Gaza Strip. Between Egypt, Israel. 1948- Egypt. 1956 Israel occupies. 1957 UN admin. 1967 Israel conq. 1979 “Autonomy” by Camp David Accord. 1993 Palestine.

Ghazali, al-. 1058-1111. Islamic Sufi philosopher, mystic.

Ghazan, Mahmud. 1271-1304. Mongol Persian ruler 1295-. Made Islam state religion.

Kazakstan. 8C Turkik settlers. 13C Golden Horde. 1798 Russia. 1910-85 Russification. 1925 Kazak SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Khazar. 6C-965. Turkish empire in SE Russia.

Lazarus. Raised from dead by Jesus.

Loretto. Italy. 1295. Virgin Mary’s house miraculously translated from Nazareth.

Louis XIV. Sun King. 1638-1715. French King 1643-. Mazarin regent to 1661. Absolute reign signalled a flourishing of the arts. Built Versailles. Revoked Edict of Nantes. -“L’état c’est moi.”

Magi. Persian priest caste. Caspar, Melchior, Belthazar bore gifts to Jesus.

Martha. Sister of Mary and Lazarus. Symbol of active life.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

Mazarin Bible. c1455. First book printed with moveable type. (Gutenberg 42-line).

Nazareth. Early home of Christ, in Galilee.

Palais de la Bourse. 1808-1907. First public stock exchange 1724 was in Mazarin Mansion.

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