Sparta. 9C BC-396. A dominant Greek city-state 6-4C BC. Peloponnesian War defeated rival Athens. 396 Visigoths destroy.

St John, Henry. 1678-1751. British statesman, writer.

Stair, First earl. 1648-1707. Scottish under-secretary of state to William III. Approved Glencoe Massacre.

Stanley, Henry. 1841-1904. British/US explorer in Africa 1868-95. Found Livingstone 1871. Founded Congo Free State.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

States General. French Representative Assembly. 1302 First summoned by Philip IV. 14-15C Controlled taxes; failed to control government. 1789 last summoned by Louis XVI. 1=Clergy. 2=Nobility. 3=Bourgeoisie.

States’ Rights. US political doctrine. Restricts federal power.

Stein, Karl, Freiherr von. 1757-1831. Reforming Prussian statesman helped abolish serfdom.

Stephen II. Pope 752-57. First to rule Papal states.

Strathcona and Mount Royal, First Baron. 1820-1914. Canadian statesman key to Canadian Pacific Railway; drove last spike.

Stresemann, Gustav. 1878-1929. German statesman. Gained entry to League of Nations.

Succession States. 1918. Former Austria-Hungary territories: Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Poland, Austria, Hungary.

Summit Conferences. Cold War phenomenon involving meetings of heads of state. Geneva Conference.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Tennis Court Oath. 1789. French Third Estate vows to obtain constitution. Declaration of authority of National Assembly.

Texas. 16C Spanish explore. 1685 French settle. 1716 Spanish settle. 1821 Mexico. 1836 Independent republic. Alamo. 1845 US state. Mexican War. 1860-69 Confederacy.

Thant, U. 1909-74. Burmese statesman. UN Secretary General. 1962-71. Cuban Missile Crisis. Congo. Cyprus. Six Day War.

Third Estate. Part of States General 1789. National Assembly. French Revolution.

Thirteen Colonies. 1776. British colonies in North America which formed the United States: Virginia, Massachussets, New York, Maryland, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia.

Thirty Years War. 1618-48. Protestant revolt vs Holy Roman Empire involving most European states. Peace of Westphalia. Spain, HRE lose influence; Denmark finished as power; France dominant; Sweden controls Baltic. Religious toleration. Use of muskets, canons developed.

Tigranes I. the Great. c104-55BC. King c95-. Armenia becomes strongest Eastern Roman state.

Trucial States. 1820-1971. 7 Arab emirates under British protectorate, renewed truces annually. United Arab Emirates.

Two Sicilies. Naples and Sicily. All Italy south of papal states. 11C Norman. 12C HRE. 1282 Angevin(N)/Aragon(S). 1443 Aragon. 1495-1504 French(N). 1713 Austria(N) /Savoy(S). 1734 Spain. 1759 Independent Bourbon. 1799-1802 France. 1861 Italy.

Ukraine. 3C Ostrogoths. Rus. 1240 Golden Horde. 1392 Lithuania. 1569 Poland. 1648 Independent Cossack state. 1654 Muscovy protectorate. 1772 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1923 USSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Ulbricht, Walter. 1893-1973. East German Stalinist General Secretary 1950-71. Head of State 1960-. Ordered Berlin Wall.

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