Anglo-Irish Treaty. 1921. Partitioned Ireland. Irish Free State as Dominion. N. Ireland in UK.

Antioch. 300BC Seleucus I founds. 64BC Rome. First reference to disciples as Christians c42. 540 Persia. 637 Moslem. 10-11C Syrian capital. 969 Byzantine. 1098 Crusader State. 1268 Egypt. 1517 Ottoman. 1920 Syria. 1939 Turkey.

April Theses. 1917. Lenin’s plan for Soviet takeover of state power from provisional government.

Arab League. 1945. Non-aggression and cooperation treaty of Arab states. Collective Treaty of Defence, 1950, to defend against Israeli aggression.

Arai Hakuseki. 1657-1725. Japanese Confucian philosopher, statesman, historian.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Argos. Greek city-state. Dominated Peloponnesus 7C BC.

Armenian Church. c303. First Christian state church. 506 schism with Rome.

Augustine, St. 354-430. Author of Confessions, City of God. Bishop of Hippo. “God is omnipotent.” Introduced Neoplatonic Determinism to Christianity. Church should rule state.

Baltic States. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Baltic Wars of Liberation. 1918-20. Established independent states of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

Bancroft, George. 1800-91. “Father of American history”. History of United States 1834-74.

Baruch, Bernard. 1870-1965. US financier/elder statesman; adviser to US presidents, Churchill.

Basel, Confessions. 1531, 1536. Statements of Reformation doctrines.

Bastille. 1370. Paris fortified residence for Charles V, became a state prison, arsenal 1397. Stormed July 14, 1789. Symbolic overthrow of monarch’s power. Lettres de Cachet.

Bevin, Ernest. 1881-1951. British labour leader, statesman. TUC. Initiated Colombo Plan.

Black and Tans. 1920-22. Brutal British police sent to suppress Irish unrest. Irish Free State.

Borgia, Cesare. 1476-1507. Ruthless Italian Machiavellian statesman. Son of Pope Alexander VI.

Bourgeois, Léon. 1851-1925. French statesman. League of Nations.

Breda Declaration. 1660. Charles II conciliatory statement. Amnesty and religious toleration.

Briand, Aristide. 1862-1932. French Prime Minister 1909~29, orator. “Separation of Church and State”, 1905. Advocated union of Europe. Kellogg-Briand.

Brown, George. 1818-80. Scottish/Canadian statesman. Founded Toronto Globe 1844.

California. 1542 Spain. 1769 Spanish colonize. Serra. 1822 Mexico. 1848 US. 1850 State.

Capital Punishment. Abolished: 1863 Venezuela; 1870 Netherlands; 1877 Costa Rica; 1949 Germany; 1965 Britain; 1969 Vatican City; 1972 US (reinstated 1976); 1976 Canada; 1981 France; (96 countries). Retained: Iran, Iraq, N Korea, USA (95 countries).

Cato, Marcus. 234-149BC. Roman statesman, censor, writer. Opposed Greek influence.

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