Hume, David. 1711-76. Scottish empiricist philosopher and historian: On Human Nature 1739. Free-will. Behaviour results from innate character. God cannot be proved by reason, but we must believe in Him.

Huns. Nomadic peoples of Central Asia who invaded Europe in 4-5C. Attila. Defeated at Châlons-sur-Marne, 451.

Hussein ibn Talal. 1935-99. Moderate Jordanian king 1953-. Israel Peace Treaty 1994.

Hyde, Edward. 1609-74. English statesman, historian. Supported Charles II.

Hydra. Many-headed water serpent killed by Hercules.

Idealism, Ethical. Moral and intellectual ideals are superior to materialistic concerns.

Idealism, Philosophical. Reality is a consciousness of abstract laws vs sensory-based Materialism.

Ides of March. (March 15th). Day on which Caesar was assassinated.

Igor. 1151-1202. Russian prince defeated by Polotsy. Hero of literature.

Iguala, Plan de. 1821. Stated 3 objectives of Mexican Independence movement. Ignored by issuer, Iturbide, when he became Emperor.

Illyrian Wars. 229BC~219BC. Romans defeat Illyrian pirates. Greeks recognize Romans as civilized, admit them to games.

Immaculate Conception. 1854. Established as RC dogma.

Independent Treasury. 1846-1913. US financial system not using private banks. Federal Reserve System.

Index Expurgatorius. 1601- Vatican list of books to be expurgated.

India Act. 1784. Transferred control of British East India Co to Parliament. 1858. All power over India from East India Co to British crown. 1919-35. Created bicameral parliament of limited authority.

Indian Councils Act. 1909. British create an Indian representative legislature.

Indian Territory. 1834. Originally all territory west of Mississippi. Later, reservations in Oklahoma.

Infallibility, Papal. 1870. Pope cannot err on matters of faith, morals. Approved by first Vatican Council after heated debate.

Innocent II. -1143. Pope 1130-. Fled Rome, 1130-8. Lateran Council.

Inquisition. Group of tribunals dedicated to routing out heresy. Papal. 1231-18C. Formalized by Gregory IX. Torture to obtain confession authorized by Innocent IV 1252. Roman. 1542-1908. RC church vs Protestantism. Galileo. Spanish. 1478-1834. Formed by Isabella and Ferdinand to persecute Jews and Moslems. Torquemada. Auto-da-fé.

Instrument of Government. 1653-7. First written constitution in Europe. Established Protectorate in England. Humble Petition.

Intelligentsia. 19C. Educated middle class Russians seeking reform.

International Monetary Fund. IMF.1944. Bretton Woods. Lends money to balance foreign exchange deficits and stabilize exchange rates.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

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