Francis Ferdinand. 1863-1914. Austrian archduke assassinated in Sarajevo, provoking WWI.

Franco-Prussian War. 1870-1. Unified Germany dominated by Prussia, wins Alsace-Lorraine. Commune. Ems Dispatch.

Freemasons. Secret fraternal organization based on guilds, chivalry, religious orders. 1717 London Grand Lodge.

Frémont, John. 1813-90. US pioneer, Governor of CA, First senator 1856. First Republican Presidential candidate.

French Union. 1946-58. France + Protectorates + overseas Territories. French Community.

Frontenac. 1622-98. French Governor of New France. Defeated Iroquois. Expanded fur trade.

Fu Hsi. 2800BC. Chinese mythical Emperor. Created I Ching, marriage rites.

Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Gainsborough, Thomas. 1727-88. English portrait and landscape painter. Boy Blue 1770. Watering Place.

Galatea. Sea nymph. Lover of Acis.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

Gallon. 1707 Queen Anne’s wine gallon=US gallon (231 cubic inches). 1824 Imperial gallon defined as 10 pounds of water.

Galloway, Joseph. c1731-1803 British loyalist leader in American Revolution. Peaceful settlement proposal defeated.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Gandhi, Indira. 1917-84. Indian Prime Minister 1966~84. Daughter of J. Nehru. Assassinated.

Gandhi, Mohandas. 1869-1948. Indian patriot and non-violent philosopher. Home Rule. Opposed Partition. Assassinated.

Garfield, James. 1831-81. American Civil War general, US President 1881. Assassinated.

Garrick, David. 1717-79. English actor, theater manager.

Gates, Horatio. c1728-1806. American Revolution general at Saratoga. Conway Cabal.

GATT. General Agreement on Trade and Tarrifs. 1948-95. Regulates trade tarrifs under UN. WTO.

Gaul. Celtic populated region = modern France, Belgium, W Germany, N Italy.

Gemayel, Amin. Lebanese President 1982-88 after brother, Bashir, president-elect, was assassinated.

Gempei War. 1180-5. Japanese civil war. Established Kamakura shogunate.

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