Wilson, Woodrow. 1856-1924. US president 1913-21. Idealist. Advocated League of Nations. Prohibition. Women’s vote. Attempted to mediate WWI 1917.

Winkelried, Arnold von. -1386. Swiss hero of Sempach. Sacrificed himself to create a breach in the cavalry of Duke Leopold.

Witt, Johan de. 1625-72. Dutch statesman. Rebuilt navy. Led Dutch Wars. Triple Alliance 1668. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Killed by Orangist mob.

Wladislaus II. c1456-1576. King of Bohemia 1471-, Hungary 1490-. Treaty later gave both to Hapsburgs 1526.

Woodhull, Victoria. 1838-1927. US reformer. First female presidential candidate 1872. Suffrage, free love advocate.

Woolley, Leonard. 1880-1960. English archeologist. Excavated Ur. Found evidence of Great Flood.

World Court. 1899 Permanent Court of Arbitration. 1921 Hague Conference created Permanent Court of International Justice. 1945 International Court of Justice.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

Worms, Concordat of. 1122. Agreement between Pope Calixtus and Emperor Henry V to share power to appoint bishops and abbots. Spiritualia, regalia vested separately.

Wren, Christopher. 1632-1723. English architect. Anglicized Classicism based on French and Dutch influence. Rebuilt 50 churches after 1666 London fire. St. Paul’s 1675. Greenwich Observatory 1675. Associated with craftsmanship of Tijou, Gibbons, Thornhill, Cibber. Sheldonian Theatre 1662. Trinity College Library 1676.

Wyclif(fe), John. c1330-84. English religious reformer. Lollard leader. Advocated religion from within rather than mechanical practice. Began First English translation of bible.

Xanthippe. c5C BC. Socrates’ carping wife.

Xenocrates. 394-314BC. Greek philosopher. Head of Plato’s Academy.

Yakima Indian Wars. 1855-8. Indians resist move to reservations. Defeated by US troops.

Yamagata Aritomo. 1838-1922. Japanese statesman. Modernized army.

Yarmuk River, Battle. 636. Arabs defeat Byzantines, dominate Syria.

Yemen. ~10CBC Minaean, Saba’, Qataban, Himyarite Kingdoms. 1C Jews settle. 4C Christians settle. 525 Abyssinia. 575 Persia. 7C Moslem. 9C ’Alid Zaydi dynasty. 1173 Ayyubid. c1229 Rasulid. 1517 Ottoman. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen). 1990 Merged with c100BC Himyarite. 1229 Rasulis. 1635 Zaydi. 1735 Divided South: 1802 British protection. 1839 British East India Company. 1937 Aden British Protectorate. 1963 Federation of South Arabia. 1967 People’s Republic of Yemen. 1735 North: 1872 Ottoman. 1920 Tribal. 1962 Yemen Arab Republic 1990 merged=Yemen.

Yeomen of the Guard. 1485 British Monarch’s bodyguard. Beef Eaters, Yeoman Warders of the Tower of London, 1669-.

Young Europe. 1834- Conspired to create democratic league of nations by assassination/demonstration.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Zangi. 1084-1146. Seljuk ruler. Defeated crusaders. Established Zangid dynasty in Middle East 1127-1250.

Zanzibar. 1499 Portugal explores. 1698 Muscat +Oman. 18-19C Slave source. 1861 Independent sultanate. 1890 British protectorate. 1963 Independent. 1964 +Tanganyika = Tanzania.

Zedekiah. King of Judah 597-586BC. Defeated by Nebuchadnezzar.

Zenta, Battle. 1697. Austria defeats Turks, becomes greatest power in Europe.

Zhdanov, Andrei. 1896-1948. Russian Politburo member. Created Cominform. Restricted Soviet cultural activities.

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