Stauffenberg, Claus von. 1907-44. Failed attempt to assassinate Hitler 1944.

Stein, Karl, Freiherr von. 1757-1831. Reforming Prussian statesman helped abolish serfdom.

Stephen II. Pope 752-57. First to rule Papal states.

Stepniak, S. 1852-95. Russian Nihilist writer. Assassinated czar’s police chief. -“Life for life”.

Stern, Otto. 1888-1969. German/US physicist, anticipated atomic science.

Stevens, John. 1749-1838. Key to US patent laws 1790. First American locomotive 1825.

Stolypin, Pyotr. 1862-1911. Russian Prime Minister 1906-. Used secret police to control revolutionaries. Moderate reforms.

Stone Age. Period before use of metal tools. Date varies by region: Near east -c3500BC Paleolithic. Neolithic.

Strabe. 63BC-21. Greek historian, geographer. Cumulated knowledge in Geographica.

Strasser, Gregor. 1892-1934. German Nazi leader, Hitler rival. Assassinated.

Strathcona and Mount Royal, First Baron. 1820-1914. Canadian statesman key to Canadian Pacific Railway; drove last spike.

Strauss, Joseph. 1870-1938. Golden Gate Bridge 1937.

Stresemann, Gustav. 1878-1929. German statesman. Gained entry to League of Nations.

Sture, Sten. 1440-1503. Swedish patriot, regent 1470~1503. Opposed Kalmar Union. Defeated Christian I, deposed John in Sweden.

Stürgkh, Karl von. 1859-1916. Austrian Prime Minister. Suspended parliament 1914. Assassinated.

Succession States. 1918. Former Austria-Hungary territories: Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia, Poland, Austria, Hungary.

Sumerians. c6000-2000BC Civilization in Tigris-Euphrates valley. First writing system. First legal code. Akkad. Ur.

Summit Conferences. Cold War phenomenon involving meetings of heads of state. Geneva Conference.

Sumter, Fort. 1861. Confederate attack. First aggression of American Civil War.

Sussex. 477- Anglo-Saxon kingdom. 9C Dominated by Wessex.

Suzerainty. Authority over a state’s foreign affairs by another state.

Sviatoslav. 920-72. Varangian Duke of Kiev 945-. Expansion creates empire.

Swaziland.16C Bantu...19C Swazi. 1881 Independence guaranteed. 1894 South African protectorate. 1902 British protectorate. 1968 Independent kingdom.

Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

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