Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Moldova. 1924. Bessarabia + part of former Moldavia. 1940 Moldavian SSR. 1991 Independent Republic. CIS.

Mozarabs. 8-11C. Christians who adopted Moslem language and culture in Spain but remained Catholic.

Muhammad. c570-632. Arabian founder of Islam, 622. Koran author by divine revelation, 610. United Arabs. Badr. Hijrah. Caliphate Empire.

Mutanabbi, al-. 915-65. Arab panegyric poet. Divan.

Nabataeans. -105. Arab people who taxed Syria/Arabia trade route.

Nasser, Abdel. 1918-70. Egypt. Led coup vs Farouk 1952. Prime Minister 1954-6, president 1956-8. UAR president 1958-. Modernized. Suez Crisis.

Osama bin Laden. 1957-. Wahabi Saudi Arabian construction magnate turned terrorist. World Trade Center. Taliban. al-Qaeda.

Qaeda, al-. 1989 Founded by Arabs in Afghanistan. 1990 Sudan. 1996 Afghan training camps. 2001 World Trade Center. Osama bin Laden.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Saud. 1902-69. Son of Ibn Sa’ud. Saudi King 1953-64. Deposed by brother, Faisal.

Saudi Arabia. Arabia. 19C Divided. 1902 Ibn Sa’ud conq Riyadh. 1906 + Najd. 1913 + Hasa. 1920 + Asir. 1925 + Hejaz. 1932 = Saudi Arabia.

Semite. Descended of Shem, Noah’s eldest son. Assyrians, Phoenicians, Israelites, Babylonians. Now: Jews, Arabs of S.W. Asia.

Sheba. (Saba’). Biblical country in south Arabia. 10C BC Colonized Ethiopia. 2C BC Overrun by Persia. Bilqis, Queen of Sheba visited Solomon.

Sirhan, Sirhan. 1944-. Arab/US killer of Robert Kennedy.

Stuart, Arabella. 1575-1615. Pretender to English throne. Died in Tower.

Suffrage, Women. 1893 New Zealand. 1902 Australia. 1906 Finland. 1913 Norway. 1915 Denmark. 1917 USSR. 1918 Canada. 1918/28 Britain. Reform Bills. 1920 US. 1971 Switzerland. 1976 Liechtenstein. Not yet in Arab countries. Wyoming.

Syracuse. c734BC Corinthian colony in Sicily. 211BC Rome. 878 Arab. 1085 Norman. Sicily. Dionysius.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Tabari, At. 839-923. Arab. Wrote world history to 915. Annals of Apostles and Kings.

Trucial States. 1820-1971. 7 Arab emirates under British protectorate, renewed truces annually. United Arab Emirates.

Turkmenistan. 4CBC Alexander. 7C Arabs. 13C Golden Horde. 15C Persia/Uzbek. 1881 Russia. 1925 Turkemistan SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS. Niyazov.

Uganda. 1844 Arab traders reach. 1862 British explore. 1894 British protectorate. 1962 Independent. Amin.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. USSR. 1917 Communist revolution, Civil War. 1923 Union of states. 1939 +Galicia. 1940 +Baltic States, Bessarabia, Karelia. 1945 +Ruthenia. Recognized: 1923 US, 1924 Britain, 1940 Yugoslavia. 1991 Dissolved. Russia.

United Arab Emirates. 1820 = Trucial States. 1892 British protectorate. 1971 Independent federation.

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