Faisal. 1906-75. Saudi king 1964-. Arab-Israeli War 1967. Assassinated by nephew Faisal.

Galilee. N Israel. (Ancient N Palestine). Jesus’ homeland. Absorbed in Arab-Israeli War, 1949.

Galland, Antoine. 1646-1715. French translator of Arabian Nights, introduced the story to Europe 1704.

Gulf War. 1990-91. Allies (US, Britain, France, Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia +26 others) expel Iraq from Kuwait.

Ibn al’Arabi. 1165-1240. Spanish Moslem mystical philosopher. Meccan Revelation 1201.

Ibn Khaldun. 1332-1406. Arab historian/sociologist. Introduction to History 1375.

Ibn Sa’ud. 1880-1953. Conqueror and king of Riyad 1902-, + Najd, Hasa, Asir, Hejaz; united as Saudi Arabia 1932-. Ended tribal wars. First oil wells 1933.

Ibn Tufall. c1100-85. Arab philosopher. Havy Ibn-Yaqzan 1175.

Idrisi. 1100-65. Arab geographer. World Map 1164.

India. North: c2500BC Indus valley civilization. c2000BC Aryans invade. 6C Achaemenid. 5C Persia. 326 Alexander(NW). c300 Maurya Empire. 2C BC Greek, Parthian, Kushan invade. 1C AD Kushan. c320 Gupta Empire. 6C Divided. 5-15C Huns, Arabs, Persians invade 12C Moslem. 1526 Mogul. South: 3000BC Dravidian civilization. 12-13C Rashtrakutas, Cholas. 14C Moslem inv. 15C Vijayanagar Empire. 1498 daGama discovers sea route. 18C British East India Co. 1858 British Empire. 1947 Independent. 1950 Republic.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Ishmael. Abraham and Hagar’s son, from whom all Arabs descend. Midianites.

Jabir Ibn Hayyan. c721-815. Arab alchemist. Mercury+sulphur=gold. 2,000 works.

Kenya. 7C Arab. 1498 Portugal. 1729 Arab. 1887 British East Africa Company...1895 British protectorate = British East Africa. 1920 British colony = Kenya. 1963 Independent kingdom. 1964 Republic.

Khwarizimi, Al-. c780-850. Persian discoverer of algebra c810. Introduced Arabic numerals.

Kindl. -c870. Arab philosopher. Translated Aristotle.

Kuwait. 1710 Arabs settle. 1899 British protectorate. 1961 Independent. 1963 Constitutional monarchy. 1990-91 Iraq occupation, Gulf War.

Kyrgyzstan. 8C Arabs. 10-13C Kyrgyz settle from Siberia. 1758 China. 19C Uzbek. 1876 Russia. 1926 Kyrgyz SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Lawrence, Thomas (of Arabia). 1888-1935. English writer, officer. Led Arabs against Turks, 1914-18: Seven Pillars of Wisdom 1926.

Leo Africanus. 1485-1554. Arab/Christian traveler. Descriptions of Africa 1550.

Libya. 7C BC Phoenician, Carthage, Greek colonies. 46BC Rome. 476 Vandal(W). 534 Byzantine 647 Arab. 1551 Ottoman. 1911 Italian colony. 1943 British/French 1950 Independent Kingdom. 1969 Qaddafi coup. Terrorism. Lockerbie.

Louis II. The German. c822-76. King of East Carolingian Empire, 843-. Fought reuniting attempts. Checked Arab invasion of Italy.

Malta. c800BC Phoenecia...Carthage. 218BC Rome. 5C Vandal/ Goth. 6C Byzantine. 870 Arab. 1090 Sicily. 1530 Knights of St. John. 1798 French. 1814 British. 1964 Indepependent. 1974 Republic. Population awarded George Cross 1942.

Melchites. 451-. Middle Eastern Roman Catholic sect with rites in Arabic, affirming Christ’s dual human/divine nature.

Midianites. Biblical tribe of Arabia. = Ishmaelites.

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