German Confederation. 1815-66. 39 states allied for mutual defence. Dominated by Austria.

Germany. HRE. 1806 Confederation of Rhine. 1815 German Confederation. 1818 Zollverein. 1866 -Austria =North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1919 Weimar Republic. 1933 Third Reich. 1949 German Democratic Republic(E), Federal Republic of Germany(W). 1990 re-united.

Grillparzer, Franz. 1791-1872. Austrian playwright. The Ancestress 1817. Sappho 1818.

Hainisch, Michael. 1858-1940. First president of Austrian Republic 1920-28.

Hallstatt. ~1100BC. Pioneer iron-age culture in Austria. Spread to Spain, Greece.

Hapsburg. Dynasty ruled Austria 1278-1918, Spain 1516-1700, Holy Roman Empire 1273-1806, Netherlands. 1712-97, Hungary 1526~1918.

Haydn, Joseph. 1732-1809. Austrian Classical composer. Father of modern symphony and string quartet. Solomon Symphony 1791-5. English Symphony 1794. Seasons 1801.

Herzl, Theodor. 1860-1904. Hungarian/Austrian writer. Founder of Zionism. The Jewish State 1896.

Hildebrandt, Johann von. 1668-1745. Austrian Baroque architect. Belvedere Palace 1700.

Hitler, Adolf. 1889-1945. Austrian/German Nazi Chancellor 1933-, dictator 1934-. Expansionist policies led to WWII. Mein Kampf 1925.

Hofer, Andreas. 1767-1810. Austrian. Led peasant rebellions vs French and Bavarians 1809-10.

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von. 1874-1929. Austrian poet, librettist. Elektra 1903.

Hohenlinden, Battle. 1800. French defeat Austria. Last major battle of War of 2nd Coalition.

Holy Alliance. 1815. Russia, Prussia, Austria ally to preserve Christian principles, peace and monarchies. All European rulers but 3 joined.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Hubertusburg Treaty. 1763. Prussia/Austria end 7 Years War. Prussia established as power.

Illyria. 6C BC Greek colony. NW Balkans. 1809 Kingdom of Illyria. 1814 Austria. Yugoslavia.

Jemmapes, Battle. 1792. Dumouriez defeats Austrians. French occupy Belgium.

Jenkins’ Ear, War. 1739-43. England vs Spain over restrictions of trade with Spanish colonies...War of Austrian Succession. Spanish cut ear, 1731.

Károlyi, Mihály. 1875-1955. Hungarian. Sought independence from Austria. President 1919.

King George’s War. 1744-8. France vs Britain, War of Austrian Succession in North America. No territorial changes. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748.

Kokoschka, Oskar. 1886-1980. Austrian Expressionist painter, writer.

Kolin, Battle. 1757. Austrian victory forced Prussia to abandon Bohemia.

Landsteiner, Karl. 1868-1943. Austrian/US. Discovered ABO blood types 1901, Rh factor 1940.

Laudon, Gideon. 1717-90. Estonian/Austrian Hapsburg field marshal in Seven Years War.

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