Austro-Prussian War. 1866. Austria excluded from German Confederation. Austrian influence in Italy ended. Dual Monarchy.

Balkan Crisis. 1875-8. Britain, Austria fear Russian expansion. Congress of Berlin.

Balkans. Inhabited c6000BC. 6C BC Illyria. 148BC Rome(Illyricum)(N). 285 Byzantine(E). 4-7C Goths, Avars, Huns, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Slavs, Bulgars, Serbs invade. 890 Bulgar Empire. 1159 Serbian empire. 1389 Ottoman. 1699 Austria(E,N)/Venice(S,W). 19C Eastern Question. Albania. Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bulgaria. Croatia. Greece. Macedonia. Montenegro. Romania. Serbia. Slovenia. Yugoslavia.

Bassano. 1796. Victory of Napoleon over the Austrians.

Bavarian Succession, War. (Potato War). 1778-9. Prussia stops Austria from taking over Bavarian land ceded to it.

Belgium. 150BC Celts. 51BC Rome. 3C Franks. 9C Lower Lorraine. 15C Burgundy. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1714 Austria. 1795 French. 1814 Austria. 1815 +Holland=United Netherlands. 1831 Independent kingdom. Neutrality guaranteed by Quintuple Treaty 1839. WWII Germans occupy. 1948 Benelux.

Belgrade, Treaty. 1739. Ottoman Empire ends wars with Austria and Russia. Limits Russian ships on Black Sea.

Belle-Isle, Charles. 1684-1761. French marshal. Involved French in Austrian Succession War.

Berg, Alban. 1885-1935. Austrian opera composer. Adopted 12-note method. Atonal-tonal fusion. Wozzeck 1925.

Boltzmann, Ludwig. 1844-1906. Austrian physicist. Statistical Mechanics, 1870.

Bosnia and Herzegovina. Balkans. 1180 Independent Kingdom. 1350 +Hum (Herzegovina). 1463 Ottoman. 1878 Austria-Hungary. 1797 France. 1805 Russia. 1918 Yugoslavia. 1946 Communist. 1992 Independent. 1993 Yugoslav Serbs invade. 1995 Dayton Accord.

Brabant Revolution. 1789-90. Belgians vs Hapsburgs. Crushed by Austrian forces.

Breuer, Josef. 1842-1925. Austrian doctor. First psychoanalysis by hypnotism.

Bruckner, Anton. 1824-96. Austrian Classical Romantic composer of symphonies, masses. Romantic Symphony 1874.

Buber, Martin. 1878-1965. Austrian/Israeli philosopher. I and Thou 1923. -Man’s relation to God.

Bundesrat. Upper house of Swiss, German, Austria Parliaments.

Campo Formio, Peace. 1797. Austria surrenders to Napoleon. Independent Venice abolished.

Caporetto, Battle. 1917. Disastrous Italian loss vs Austria and Germany.

Carlowitz, Treaty. 1699. Ottoman/Holy League. Austria gains Transylvania, Hungary.

Castiglione. 1796. Napoleonic victory kept Austria out of Italy.

Charles I. 1887-1922. Last ruler of Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1916-18.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

Communist Party. USSR. 1918. Name adopted by Bolsheviks for Social Democratic Workers’ Party. Parties started in Britain, USA, Austria, France, Italy, Spain, Germany soon after.

Congress System. 1815-25. Diplomacy by regular meetings of Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Czechoslovakia. 1918 Formed in breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1920 Little Entente. 1938 -Sudetenland. 1939-45 German occupation. 1949 People’s Democratic Republic. 1968 Prague Spring. 1991 Republic. 1993 Split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.

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