Freyr. Norse god of fertility, sun, rain. Freyia’s brother.

Froebel, Friedrich. 1782-1852. German kindergarten 1841. Creativity, personal development, social adjustment.

Fronde. 1648-53. Revolt of French parliamentarians vs king’s power. Failure encouraged Absolutism.

Functionalism. 1924-45. Architectural movement of Le Corbusier. Austere objects perfected to carry out their function.

Fundamentalism. 1920-. US conservative Protestant movement. Strict scriptural interpretation.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Gabrieli, Giovanni. c1557-1612. Nephew of A. Wrote sacred symphonies of voice and instrument.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

Galloway, Joseph. c1731-1803 British loyalist leader in American Revolution. Peaceful settlement proposal defeated.

Garibaldi, Giusseppe. 1807-82. Led “Red Shirts” in Italian Risorgimento. Captured Naples 1860.

Garvey, Marcus. 1887-1940. Jamaican/US black nationalist. Back to Africa Movement.

GATT. General Agreement on Trade and Tarrifs. 1948-95. Regulates trade tarrifs under UN. WTO.

Gellert, Christian. 1715-69. German Enlightenment poet, writer. Fables + Tales 1746-48.

Generation of ’98. Introspective Spanish intellectual movement 1898-.

Geneva Convention. 1864. Established humane treatment of war wounded. Sanctioned Red Cross. 1949. Agreements concerning wounded, prisoners, and civilians in war.

Geneva 5-Power Agreement. 1932. Allowed German military buildup.

Genoa, Conference. 1922. European and Commonwealth nations can’t agree on methods to rebuild Russia. France insists on loan repayment.

Gentlemen’s Agreement. 1907. US-Japan. Restricted emigration and discrimination. 1937. British-Italian agreement on Mediterranean. Appeasement.

Georgia. 6C BC Achaemenid. 4C BC Alexander. 65BC Rome. 330 Christian. 4-5C Sassanids, Byzantine dispute. 6C Sass. 7C Moslem. 8C 2 Kingdoms. c1000 United. 1220 Mongol(E). 14C United. 15C Turk/Persian. 1801 Russia. 1918 Independent. 1921 Soviet Republic. 1991 Independent. CIS.

German Movement. 18C Nationalist cultural movement. Lessing, Goethe, Schiller.

German-Soviet Pact. 1939-41. Nonaggression agreement. Divided Poland, Baltic between USSR/Germany. Left Hitler free to invade Poland, starting WWII.

Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Golden Spurs, Battle. 1302. Courtrai, Belgium. Flemish craftsmen defeat French troops.

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