Bourgeois, Léon. 1851-1925. French statesman. League of Nations.

Bourgeoisie. French merchant, craft class. Marxist term for those who do not live by the sale of their labour. Proletariat.

Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction. 1438. French Charles VIII supports Gallicanism vs pope.

Bourguiba, Habib. 1903-2000. Tunisian Nationalist president 1956-87. Moderate socialist.

Bourne, Randolph. 1886-1918. US pacifist essayist. Untimely Papers 1919.

Bouvines, Battle. 1214. French defeat English, HRE coalition. Recapture Angou...France a major power.

Boveri, Theodor. 1864-1915. German cytologist. Chromosomes, 1904.

Bowditch, Nathaniel. 1773-1838. US self-educated astronomer, mathematician. New American Practical Navigator 1802.

Bowie, James. 1796-1836. US frontiersman. Bowie knife.

Bowring, Treaty. 1855. Opened Siam to British trade.

Boxer Rebellion. 1900. Massacre of ‘foreign devils’ by Chinese led to reprisals and Peking Protocol.

Boyacá, Battle. 1819. South American rebels win independence from New Granada from Spain. Bolivar. Santander.

Boyar. 10-17C. Russ. noble landowners.

Boycott, Charles. 1832-97. English land agent boycotted in Ireland, 1879. Land League.

Boyne, Battle. 1690. James II attempts to retake throne; defeated by William III, ending Catholic Stuart power in Ireland. Celebrated by Orangemen, Jul 12.

Brabant Revolution. 1789-90. Belgians vs Hapsburgs. Crushed by Austrian forces.

Bradley, F.H. 1846-1924. English Idealist philosopher. Appearances and Reality 1893.

Bradstreet, Anne. c1612-72. English/US poet.

Brady, Matthew. c1823-96. US Civil War photographer.

Braganca. Ruling dynasty of Portugal 1640-1910, Brazil 1822-89.

Brahe, Tycho. 1546-1601. Danish astronomer. Compiled observations 1572 used by Kepler.

Brahman. Supreme being in Upanishads.

Brahmanas. 900-700BC Vedic texts for sacrifices.

Brahmanism. 700-500BC. Philosophical period of Hinduism. Upanishads. Vedism.

Brahmavihara. Brahman heaven, attained by sympathy, compassion, joy, equanimity.

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