Berlin, Irving. 1888-1989. Russian/US popular composer. White Christmas, Annie Get Your Gun 1946.

Berlin Conference. 1884. Bismarck called 15 nations to resolve African issues. Congo granted independence. Slavery suppressed.

Berlin Congress. 1878. Bulgaria divided, independence for Romania, Serbia. Turkey gains Macedonia. Russia gains Armenia. Britain gains Cyprus. Revised San Stefano treaty.

Berlin Decree. 1806. Napoleon announces Continental System blockading Britain.

Berlin Wall. 1961-89. Soviet troops erect. US guarantees West Berlin’s freedom.

Berlioz, Hector. 1803-1869. French Romantic composer. Grandiose themes directly from feelings.Symph. Fantastique 1830. Romeo and Juliette 1839. Treatise on Orchestration 1844. Damnation of Faust 1846.

Bernadotte, Jean. 1763-1844. Marshal of French Empire, became King Karl XIV Johan of Sweden 1818.

Bernanos, Georges. 1888-1948. French Catholic polemic writer against materialism. Diary of a Country Priest 1937.

Bernard, Claude. 1813-78. French physiologist and logician. Influenced Pavlov. Intro. to Experimental Medicine 1865.

Bernardin de St. Pierre, Jacques. 1737-1814. French writer. Propagated JJ Rousseau’s back to nature philosophy. Paul et Virginie 1788.

Bernicia. 6C Anglian kingdom in Northumbria. Deira.

Bernini, Lorenzo. 1598-1680. Italian Baroque painter, sculptor, architect. Louis XIV bust. Apollo and Daphne 1616. St. Theresa 1646.

Bernoulli, Daniel. 1700-82. Swiss discoverer of hydrodynamics. Hydrodynamica 1738.

Bernoulli, Jacob. 1654-1705. Swiss mathematician. Probability. B Numbers.

Bernstein, Eduard. 1850-1932. German anti-militant Socialist. Founded Fabians.

Berry, Jean, duc de. 1340-1416. Regent of France for Charles VI. Policies caused Peasants Revolt 1381-4. Patron of arts. Limburg.

Berthelot, Marcelin. 1827-1907. French organic chemist. Alcohol synthesis 1854. Organic Chemistry 1860.

Bertin, Jean. 1917-75. French engineer. Jet silencers; air cushion vehicles.

Besant, Annie. 1847-1933. English Theosophist. Founded Indian Home Rule League 1916.

Bessarabia. Disputed Black Sea region between Romania and Russia. 14C Moldavia. 15/16C Ottoman. 1812 Russia. 1918 Romania. 1940 MSSR. 1941 Romania. 1944 USSR. 1991 Moldova.

Bessel, F.W. 1784-1846. German astronomer. B Function 1817.

Best, Charles. 1899-1978. Canadian. insulin discoverer. Banting.

Bethmann-Hollweg. 1856-1921. German Chancellor, 1909-17. Tried to mediate before WWI. Overthrown by Hindenburg and Ludendorf.

Betti, Ugo. 1892-1953. Italian dramatist. La Padrona 1927.

Beurse, van der. 14C Brussels moneylender. Led to term, Bourse.

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