Beatrice. c1265-90. Florentine woman immortalized by Dante.

Beaufort, Francis. 1774-1857. English hydrographer: wind scale 1805.

Beaufort, François. 1616-69. Adored Fronde general. King of Halles.

Beaverbrook, Lord. (Maxwell Aitken). 1879-1964. Canadian/British newspaper magnate, politician. Advocated free trade within Commonwealth.

Bebel, August. 1840-1913. Founder of German Social Democrat Party.

Beccaria, Cesare. 1738-94. Italian writer. Treatise on Crime and Punishment 1764. Influenced 19C penal reform and capital punishment.

Bechuanaland. Botswana.

Becket, St. Thomas à. 1118-70. Archbishop of Canterbury 1162-, murdered in Cathedral by Henry II’s knights.

Beckett, Samuel. 1906-89. English/Irish novelist, dramatist expressing man’s suffering: Waiting for Godot 1952. Endgame.

Becquerel, Henri. 1852-1908. French discoverer of Uranium radioactivity, 1896. Curie.

Bede, St. (The Venerable). 673-735. English historian: De Temporum Ratione 725.Ecclesiastical History 731.

Bedouin. Nomadic N African tribes.

Beelzebub. New Testament prince of Demons. Satan.

Beerbohm, Max. 1872-1956. English caricaturist, satirist, dandy. Caricatures 1896.

Beethoven, Ludwig van. 1770-1827. German composer expressing emotions in music. Tone poet. Developed form and structure. “The Shakespeare of music”. 9 Symphonies. Eroica 1804. 5th 1807. 9th 1824.

Beghards. 13C. Catholic men’s charitable communities. Condemned 1311.

Begin, Menachem. 1913-91. Polish/Israeli. Prime Minister, 1977-83. Camp David Accords. Sadat.

Béguines. 12C- Belgian Catholic women’s charitables communities. Condemned 1311. Still exist.

Behaviourism. 1913. Actions are response to physical stimuli. Skinner. Watson. Pavlov.

Behrens, Peter. 1868-1940. German modern architect. AEG Factory 1909.

Behring, Emil. 1854-1917. German bacteriologist: founded Immunology. Diphtheria (1892), Tetanus (1904) serums.

Beirut. 20C BC Phoenicia. 15BC Rome. 635 Moslem. 1110 Crusaders. 1187 Saladin. 1516 Ottoman. 1291 Mameluk. 1920 Capital of Lebanon. 1975-90 Lebanese Civil War.

Bekhtrev, Vladmir. 1857-1927. Extended Pavlov’s Conditioned Response theory. Objective Psychology, 1910.

Bel. Babylonian god. Lord of the Air. = Enlil.

Belarus. (White Russia). 1386 Lithuania. 1569 Poland. 1780s Russia. 1917 USSR. 1991 Belarus. CIS.

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