United Kingdom. 1801 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1921 -Irish Free State =UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

United Nations. UN. 1945. Charter signed by 50 nations at San Francisco. To safeguard world peace and protect human rights. Most countries members now. 15 agencies for education, relief. Trusteeship .

United Provinces. 1581-1795. Dutch unite vs Spain. Netherlands.

United States of America. USA. 40,000-20,000BC Asians settle. 1492-1776 Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands, Britain colonize. 1776 American Revolution. 1783 Thirteen Colonies independent. Manifest Destiny. 1845 +Texas. 1848 +California. 1867 +Alaska. 1898 +Hawaii, Puerto Rico.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 1948. United Nations list of rights to be accorded people by their governments. Rejected by USSR, China, Poland, Yugoslavia, Ukraine, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, many Moslem countries. Signed by Russia, 1996.

Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty. 1833-41. Russia/Ottoman mutual defence alliance. Straits Convention.

Unverdorben, Otto. 1806-73. Aniline dyes from indigo 1826.

Upanishads. 1000-600BC. Elaboration of Vedas dealing with nature of reality.

Upper Canada. 1791-1841. 1841 «Province of Canada. 1867 =Ontario.

Ur. 4000BC Sumerian city on Euphrates River. Mesopotamian capital 26~21C BC.

Urania. Greek muse of astronomy.

Uranus. Early Greek personification of the heavens. Father of Titans.

Urartu. 13-7C BC Kingdom in eastern Turkey. Conquered by Sargon. c600BC Armenians.

Urban II. 1035-95. Pope 1088-. Forbade clergy to pay homage to temporal powers. Crusades.

Urban V. 1310-70. Avignon pope. Returned to Rome temporarily 1367-70.

Urban VI. 1318-89. Avignon pope 1378-. Caused Schism.

Urban VIII. 1568-1644. Pope 1623-. Supported France in Thirty Years War.

Urdu. Official language of Pakistan.

Ursulines. 1535. Roman Catholic order founded by Angela Merci for the education of women.

Ussher, James. 1581-1656. Irish theologian. Calculated the Creation as 4004BC according to Bible.

Ustaše. 1929-45 Secret Croatian terrorist group seeking independence from Yugoslavia.

Usury. Maximum interest rates: Rome 50BC: 12%, 529: 8%. Islam 622: 0%. Christian 1311: 0%. England: 1623 8%, 1651 6%, 1713 5%, 1854 eliminated. USA, by State: 5-45%

U Thant. 1909-74. Burmese United Nations Secretary General 1961-7.

Uthman, ibn ’Affan. -656. Third Moslem caliph. Declared official version of Koran. Assassinated.

Utilitarianism. Good is the maximum good for the maximum number of people. Bentham. Mill. Spencer. Moore.

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