Roxana. -c311BC. Wife of Alexander the Great. Executed after his death.

Royal Society. 1660. English publisher of scientific Philosophical Transactions since 1665.

Royaume, Mother. Saved Geneva 1602 by pouring hot stew (and pot) on heads of Savoy soldiers.

Ruanda Urundi. Batwa. Bahuta. 14C Watusi. 1897 German East Africa. 1916 Belgium. 1923 League of Nations mandate 1962 Independent. Rwanda, Burundi.

Rubens, Peter Paul. 1577-1640. Flemish Baroque painter. Sensuous works. Descent from Cross 1611. Médicis cycle 1621-5. Peace and War c1630.

Rubicon. Italian river crossed by Caesar to wage war vs Roman Senate 49BC.

Rubinstein, Anton. 1829-94. Russian pianist, composer. Operas, concerti. Demon 1875.

Rubinstein, Arthur. 1886-1982. Popular Polish/US pianist.

Rublyov, Andrei. c1360-1430. Russian icon painter.

Ruche, La. the Beehive. Montparnasse Avant-garde artist residence and studio, 1900-30. Chagall. Léger.

Rude, François. 1784-1855. French sculptor of public monuments. Marseillaise 1833-6.

Rudolf. (Raoul). French king 923-36. Fought Normans and Hungarians.

Rudolf. 1858-89. Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne. Died mysteriously. Declared a suicide.

Rudolf I. 1218-91. First Hapsburg Emperor of Germany 1273-.

Rudolf II. 1552-1612. Holy Roman Emperor 1576-. Ended toleration of Protestants.

Ruhr. German steel region. Occupied by France 1923-30. Heavily bombed in WWII.

Ruisdael, Jacob van. 1628-82. Dutch landscape painter. Jewish Cemetery c1660. Wheatfields c1670.

Rundstedt, Gerd von. 1875-1953. Leading German WWII commander.

Runeberg, Johan. 1804-77. Finnish epic poet. National anthem adapted from his poem Vårtland.

Runes. 3-16/17C. Alphabet used by German peoples; origin unknown.

Runge, Friedlieb. 1795-1867. German. Phenol from coal 1833. Carbolic acid 1834. Paper chromatography.

Rupert, Prince. 1619-82. Royalist commander in English Civil War. First President of Hudson’s Bay Co.

Rurik. -879. Varangian prince, First ruler of Russia. Dynasty ruled to1598.

Rush-Bagot, Convention. 1817. Demilitarized Canada-US border.

Ruska, Ernst. 1906-88. German engineer. Electron microscope.

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