Piraeus. 5C BC-. Athenian port.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Piranesi, Giambattista. 1720-78. Italian architect and engraver. Views of Rome 1740s.

Pisa, Council. 1409. Elected Alexander V as third pope in failed attempt to end Great Schism.

Pisano, Andrea. 1270/90-1348/9. Italian sculptor. Florence Baptistery doors.

Pisano, Giovanni. c1254-1314. Italian Gothic sculptor, son of Nicola Perouse Fountain 1278. Pistoia Cathedral pulpit 1301. PIsa Cathedral pulpit 1302-10.

Pisano, Nicola. 1220-84. Founded school of sculpture at Pisa. Influenced Renaissance. Pisa Baptistery pulpit 1255-60.

Pitmann, Isaac. 1813-97. English shorthand inventor 1837.

Pitt, William, the Elder. 1708-78. English statesman, Prime Minister 1756~68. Pursued Seven Years War. “The Great Commoner”.

Pius VII. 1742-1823. Pope 1800-. Excommunicated Napoleon after French annexed Papal States. Imprisoned 1809-14.

Pizarro, Francisco. ~1475-1541. Spanish conqueror of Incas in Peru 1531-3. Founded Lima 1535.

Place, Francis. 1771-1854. Fought Combination Act, 1822. Advocated birth control, 1827.

Place de la Concorde. 1775. Paris. Designed by Gabriel 1755. Site of guillotine 1793.

Plague. 429-425BC Athens. 33% died. 1347-53 Europe. (Black Death). Killed 25-50% population. 1603~65 England. 1720 Provençe. 1710 Scandinavia. 1894 China, Hong Kong. 100,000 died, 10M around world.

Plains of Abraham, Battle. 1759. British defeat French, capture Quebec. New France falls. Wolfe, Montcalm killed.

Plainsong. Gregorian chant. Singing in unison without harmony.

Planck, Max. 1858-1947. German physicist. Defined energy quantum 1900.

Plantagenet. 1154-1485. English dynasty. Lancaster, York. Angevins. Geoffrey.

Plantagenet, Richard. Duke of York. 1411-60. Protector during king’s insanity, 1454. Claims to succession led to War of Roses.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Plata, La. 1776-1910. Spanish viceroyalty in South America. Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay.

Plataea, Battle. 479BC. Persians driven from Greece by Pausanias.

Plateresque. 16C Spanish architectural style. Intricate, heavy ornamentation.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Platonism. Perceptions approximate an ideal reality of eternal ideas.

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