Moissan, Henri. 1852-1907. French. Isolated flourine 1886. Electric furnace 1897.

Molay, Jacques de. 1243-1314. Last Grand Master of the Order of Templars. Burned.

Moldavia (former). 14C Vlachs establish. 1349 Independent. 14C +Bessarabia. 16C Autonomous/Ottoman. 1774 Russian protectorate. 1774 -Bessarabia. 1859 +Walachia =Romania. 1940 Part ceded to MSSR.

Moldova. 1924. Bessarabia + part of former Moldavia. 1940 Moldavian SSR. 1991 Independent Republic. CIS.

Molière, Jean-Baptiste. 1622-73. French comedy actor, playwright. School for Wives 1662. Tartuffe 1664. Don Juan 1665. Misanthrope. Died in role of Malade Imaginaire.

Molinism. Doctrine of Spanish Jesuit, Molina 1535-1600. Reconciled free will and divine grace.

Molinos, Miguel. 1628-96. Spanish priest. Quietism. Died in prison during Inquisition.

Molly Maguires. 1835-55 Irish anti-landlord society. 1862-77 Irish terrorists in PA coal mining area.

Moloch. Canaanite deity to whom children were sacrificed. Pseudonym for Yahweh.

Moltke, Helmuth von. 1800-91. Chief of Staff of Prussian army 1857-70, German 1870-88.

Mommsen, Theodor. 1817-1903. German historian. History of Rome 1854.

Monaco. 10C BC Phoenicia. 5C BC Phocean. Rome. 9C Saracen. 1191 Genoa. 1297 Grimaldi family. 1524 Spanish protectorate. 1641 French protectorate. 1792 French. 1815 Sardinia.1861 Grimaldi, French protectorate. Will revert to France when no male heir.

Monarchianism. 190-3C. Christian Adoptionist heresy. God and Jesus are one being.

Mondrian, Piet. 1872-1944. Dutch neoplastic abstract De Stijl movement painter. Composition with Yellow and Blue 1929. New York City 1943.

Mongol Empire. Asia. Established 1207 by Genghis Khan. Peak included Persia, China, Russia. 1260- Fragmented. Yuan. Golden Horde. Tamerlane.

Mongolia. 13C Empire. 1686 China (Manchu). Outer Mongolia: 1913 Independent. 1921 Communist revolution. 1924 People’s Republic. Inner Mongolia: «China.

Monnet, Jean. 1888-1979. French economist. “Father of Common Market”.

Monophysitism. 4C- Heretical Christian doctrine. Jesus has single divine nature. Coptics. Monothelitism. Nestorianism. Dualism. Chalcedon.

Monopolies. 1597- Granted by English crown. Abolished by Parliament 1624, 39.

Monothelitism. 622-713. Christian heresy. Jesus had human and divine natures but only divine will. Monophysitism.

Mons, Battle. WWI. 1914. Germans defeat British.

Montaigne, Michel de. 1533-92. French sceptical humanist essayist. On Humanism 1580.

Montanism. 156-9C. Montanus’ ascetic Christian movement of illuminati expecting the Millenium.

Monte di Pietà. 1463. Italian institute to lend money to poor at low interest.

Montecuccoli, Raimondo. 1609-80. Italian Holy Roman Empire general. Defeated Turks 1664, French 1672-5.

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