Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Meshed. Iranian city of Moslem pilgrimmage.

Mesmer, Friedrich. 1734-1815. Austrian hypnotist. “animal magnetism” 1767. Earliest psychotherapist.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Mesopotamia, Battle. 1914-16. WWI. British advance from Basra to Babylon.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Messerschmidt, Willy. 1898-1978. German plane designer and manufacturer, WWII.

Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Messiah. Redeemer of Christianity, Judaism, Islam who would come from God to save humanity.

Messina. 730BC Greek. 396BC Carthage. 264BC Independent. 535 Byzantine. 843 Saracens sack. 1061 Norman...«Sicily.

Mestrovic, Ivan. 1883-1962. Croatian/US monumental sculptor. Belgrade mausoleum for unknown soldier.

Metaphysical Painting. 1911-20. Bizarre surreal imagery in stark landscape. De Chirico.

Metastasio, Pietro. 1698-1782. Italian librettist for Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Mozart.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Metaxas, Ioannis. 1871-1941. Greek dictator 1936-. Repelled Italian invasion 1940.

Metchnikov, Ilya. 1845-1916. Russian zoologist, microbiologist. Discovered phagocytosis 1886.

Metellus, Macedonicus. -115BC. Roman censor. Advocated compulsory marriage to increase birthrate 131BC.

Metéora. Built 12C-1458. Greece. Monasteries perched on 1000’ pinnacles and crags.

Methodism. Protestant religious movement founded by Wesley 1729. Moravian, Calvinistic evangelical.

Methuen Treaty. 1703-1836. Reduced duty on port wine to England, textiles to Portugal. Hindered Portuguese industrial development.

Métis. Mixed European/native race in Canada, N US. Riel.

Metric System. 1795 France.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican Revolution. 1910-24. Successive leaders overthrown. 1917 New Constitution. Diaz. Zapata. Villa.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

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