Aramaeans. Ancient Semitic people of Mesopotamia, Syria. Language widespread 10C-5C BC. Alphabet 720 BC.

Aranjuez, Revolt. 1808. Forced abdication of Charles IV (Spain) and dismissed Prime Minister.

Aranyakas. c700BC. Vedic text on rituals.

Ararat, Mount. Noah’s Ark landing place. 9-7C BC.

Araucanian Wars. 1530-1870. Chile, Argentina. Natives forced onto reservations.

Arawak. Natives of NE SA, Antilles. Now extinct in W Indies.

Arcadia. Ancient Greek region of Peloponnesus. Megalopolis.

Arcadia, Academy of. 1690. 1925 =Italian Literary Academy. Originally known for poetic, pastoral style.

Arcadian. Venetian paintings with Greek gods in Italian dress.

Arcadian League. 370-362BC. Union of states vs Sparta.

Arcadius. 377-408. First Roman Emperor of East, 395-.

Archaic Period of Greek Art. c650-500BC. Egyptian influenced sculpture. Mythological vase painting.

Archangels. Chief angels of Christian, Judaic, Islamic, other religions.

Archduke. Hereditary title of Austrian Hapsburgs.

Archer, William. 1856-1924. Scottish critic, playwright. Translated Ibsen.

Archidamian War. 431-421BC. Peloponnesian War.

Archidamus II. Spartan king 469-427BC. Conflict w Athens.

Archimedes. 287-212BC. Greek mathematician: lever, screw. Principle of displacement of liquid. Screw pump 260BC. Catapult 215BC.

Archons. Ancient Greek chief magistrates.

Ardon, Mordecai. 1896-1992. Polish/Israeli abstract painter. Jerusalem landscapes.

Areopagus. Athenian council of elders.

Ares. Greek god of war, Roman =Mars.

Aretino, Pietro. 1492-1556. Italian satirical poet.

Argentina. Tehuelch, Querandi, Puelche, Inca. 1536 Spanish. 1776 Viceroyalty of La Plata. 1816 Independent United Province of La Plata. 1862 =Argentina. 1943 Peron. 1982 Falklands War. 2001 Economic collapse.

Arianism. 313-. Christian heresy. “Christ not of same nature as God.” Condemned at Nicaea.

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