Henry II. 1133-1189. Plantagenet king of England 1154-. Common Law system. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine. Angevin Empire. Becket. Rosamund.

Henry II. 1519-59. French king 1547-. Repressed Protestants. Captured Calais 1558. Treaties of Chambord, Cateau-Cambrésis.

Henry IV. 1050-1106. Holy Roman Emperor, 1056-. Civil War. Struggles with Gregory VII led to excommunication. Worms Synod. Clement III.

Henry IV. 1366-1413. Rebelled vs Richard II. King of England 1399-. Consolidated government. First Lancaster.

Henry IV. of Navarre. 1553-1610. King of France 1589-. Converted to Catholicism. Edict of Nantes protected Protestant rights. ’Reign of Rebuilding’. Assassinated by Ravaillac. Margaret of France.

Henry V. 1086-1125. German king 1106-, Holy Roman Emperor 1111-. Imprisoned pope 1111, ending investiture controversy. Concordat of Worms.

Henry V. 1387-1422. King of England 1413-. Claimed France. Victor at Agincourt. Treaty of Troyes.

Henry VI. 1421-71. King of England and France 1422-61, 70-1. Founded King’s College Cambridge, Eton. Lost France except Calais. Weakness led to War of Roses. Deposed.

Henry VII. 1457-1509. First Tudor King of England 1485-. Defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field, 1485. Ended War of Roses. United Lancasters, Yorks.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Henry the Navigator. 1394-1460. Portuguese prince. Sponsored African exploration. School of Navigation 1423.

Henze, Hans. 1926-. German/Italian composer. Combines German intellectualism with Italian lyricism. We Come to the River 1976.

Hephaestus. Greek god of fire, metalsmith. =Vulcan.

Heptarchy. 5-9C. Seven kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, Mercia, E. Anglia, Northumbria. Frequent wars.

Heraclea. 280BC. “Pyrrhic” victory over Romans.

Heracleitus. c540-480BC. Greek philosopher. ’The only permanent thing is change.’ Fire is basis of matter.

Herbert, Victor. 1859-1924. Irish/US operetta composer. Babes in Toyland 1903.

Herculano, Alexandre. 1810-77. Portuguese Romantic poet.

Hercules. Roman hero = Greek Heracles.

Hercules, Tower of. Roman lighthouse in Spain, still in use.

Herder, Johann von. 1744-1803. German Sturm and Drang Nationalist writer. Stimulated Romanticism.

Heredia, Jose de. 1842-1905. Cuban/French Parnassian poet.

Hermandad. 1250-1550. Castile-Aragon defensive alliance.

Hermaphroditus. Greek deity with male and female attributes.

Hermes Trismegistus. Egyptian founder of alchemy. Passed secret only to the sons of Pharaoahs.

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