CENTO. 1955-79. Central Treaty Organization. Based on Baghdad Pact 1955. Turkey, Iran, U.K., Palestine defence.

Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

Central Powers. 1882-1918. = Triple Alliance. Germany and its allies during WWI.

Centre Party. 1871-1933. German Roman Catholic political party.

Cerberus. Three-headed dog, guardian of Greek underworld.

Cerceau, Jacques Androuet du. c1520-85. Optical Views 1551, treatise on architectural perspective.

Ceres. Roman goddess of growth. = Demeter.

Cerularius, Michael. c1000-59. Patriarch of Constantinople 1043-58. East-West Schism.

Cervantes, Miguel de. 1547-1616. Spanish writer: Don Quixote 1605.

Ceuta. c12C BC Phoenicia. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 618 Visigoth. 711 Moslem. 1415 Portugal. 1580 Spain. 1810 Britain. 1814 Spain.

Ceylon. Sri Lanka.

Cezanne, Paul. 1839-1906. French Post-Impressionist painter. Illusion of depth by color. Card Players 1892.

CGT. 1895. Confédération Générale du Travail. Largest French union organization.

Chabrier, Emmanuel. 1841-94. French composer. España 1883.

Chaco War. 1932-5. Paraguay defeats Bolivia’s claim on Gran Chaco. 100,000 dead.

Chad. 7C Sao. 11C Kanem. 14-16C Kanem, Bornu dispute...16C Bornu. 1808 Hausa. 1897 French protectorate. 1910 French colony «French Equatorial Africa. 1960 Independent republic.

Chadwick, Edwin. 1800-90. English campaigner for cleanliness to prevent disease. Poor Law Commission, 1832-46. Board of Health 1848-54.

Chagall, Marc. 1887-1985. Russian/French painter of biblical scenes. Stained glass. Ceiling, Paris Opera 1964.

Chakkri. 1782-. Dynasty ruling Thailand.

Chalcedon, Council. 451. Clarified orthodox Catholic beliefs. Sees of Rome and Byzantium established. Christ’s dual nature.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Challenger Expedition. 1872-6. Oceanic survey of currents, depths, temps.

Châlons, Battle. 451. Attila’s westward conquest stopped by Visigoths and Romans.

Chamberlain, Austen. 1863-1937. British Statesman. Locarno Pact.

Chamberlain, Houston. 1855-1927. British/German antisemite pro-Aryan philosopher. Foundation of the Nineteenth Century, 1899.

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