Lancaster, Thomas, Earl of. c1277-1322. English. Led barons vs Edward II. Beheaded.

Las Casas, Bartolomé de. 1474-1566. Spanish missionary to South America. New Laws 1542. Historia de las Indias.

Lessing, Gotthold. 1729-81. German Movement dramatist. Laokoon 1765. Minna von Barnheim 1767. Nathan the Wise 1779.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Liberty, Statue of. 1886. Bartholdi sculpture. Gift from France.

Liutprand. Powerful Lombard King, 712-44. Law code.

Llwelyn. Welsh prince, 1246-82. With Montfort in Barons War.

Lombard, Peter. 1100-1160. Italian bishop. Book of Sentences.

Lombard League. 1167-1250. N Italy united vs HRE.

Lombardo, Pietro. 1435-1515. Antonio 1458-1516. Tullio 1455-1532. Italian architects and sculptors. Dante’s tomb 1485. Doge’s Palace 1498.

Lombards. Germanic people. 568 invaded Italy. 808 Jews formed banking system. 14C Commercial banks.

Lombardy. 5C BC Celt. c200BC Rome. 5C Ostrogoth. 568 Lombards. 774 Charlemagne. 9C Independent towns. 962 HRE. 12C L League. 1337 Milan. 1535 Spain 1713 Austria. 1796 French republic. 1814 Austria. 1859 Italy.

Mad Parliament. 1258. Barons give financial aid to Henry III in exchange for reform. Oxford Provisions.

Maderno, Carlo. 1556-1629. Swiss architect. Founded Baroque style. St. Peter’s facade 1607.

Mansart, Francois. 1598-1666. French architect. Val-de-Grâce 1645. Classical elements in Baroque style. Subtle elegance, harmony. Mansard roof.

Marengo, Battle. 1800. Napoleon defeats Austria, gains Lombardy.

Mendelssohn-(Bartholdy), Felix. 1809-47. German Classical Romantic melodic composer. Hebrides 1829.

Miró, Joan. 1893-1974. Spanish surrealist painter. Pure colors, abstract shapes. Bird, star themes. Dog Barking at the Moon.

Mitre, Bartolomé. 1821-1906. Argentine general, president 1862-68. Overthrew Rosas. Reunited Argentina.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

Murillo, Bartolomé. 1617-82. Spanish artist. Immaculate Conception 1652. Vision of St Antony 1656. Founded Seville Academy 1600.

Neumann, Balthasar. 1687-1753. German Baroque architect. Residenz in Würzburg 1719-44.

Nyerere, Julius. 1922-99. First Tanganyika Prime Minister 1961, President 1962. Union with Zanzibar. President Tanzania 1964.

Oisin. (Ossian). 3C. Gaelic warrior bard. Legends of his father Finn MacCool.

Oldenbarneveldt, Jan van. 1547-1619. Dutch statesman vs Spanish occupation. Negotiated Treaty of Utrecht.

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