Bichat, Xavier. 1771-1802. French anatomist. “Life is the sum of the forces that restrict death.”

Bishops’ Wars. 1639. Scots vs Charles’ Anglicanism. 1640. Covenanters force Charles to call Long Parliament.

Black Army. 1463-1500. Powerful Hungarian mercenary force.

Bonaparte, Louis. 1778-1846. King of Holland 1806-10. Forced to abdicate after opposing Continental System. Napoleon’s brother.

Bonus Army. 1932. US WWI vets march to demand accelerated bonus payment. Dispersed by force.

Boston, Siege. 1775-6. US force British to evacuate.

Brabant Revolution. 1789-90. Belgians vs Hapsburgs. Crushed by Austrian forces.

Byng, Julian. 1862-1935. British General. Commanded Canadian forces, captured Vimy Ridge 1917. Canadian Governor General 1921-6.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

Clapham Sect. 1790-1830. Wilberforce’s social reformers and missionaries.

Coup d’État. Overthrow of existing government by force.

Encomienda. 16-18C Spanish system of Indian forced labour.

FBI. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1908-. US indep. federal police force. Hoover.

Haganah. 1920-48. Jewish protective force in Palestine. Basis of Israeli army.

Hatt-i Humayun. 1856. Turkish reform act, forced by major powers, but not always enforced.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Huygens, Christiaan. 1629-95. Dutch physicist, mathematician. Discovered Saturn’s rings 1655. Pendulum clock 1657. Centripetal force 1659. Conservation of Energy 1669. Wave theory of light 1678.

Indochina War. 1946-54. Vietnamese Communists vs French and British occupying forces. =First Vietnam War.

Ionian School. 6C BC. Greek philosophers. Thales. Araximanedes. Diogenes. Explained phenomena in terms of physical forces.

John. Lackland. 1167-1216. King of England 1199-. Lost Normandy. Forced to sign Magna Carta 1215. Excommunicated 1209. Lost Anjou.

Kalmyks. Nomadic Mongolian peoples. 17C Settled Lower Volga. 1771 Forced back at great loss of life. 1945 Exiled to Siberia. 1957 Restored.

Khmer Rouge. 1960-79. Cambodian Communists. Overthrew Lon Nol, creating Kampuchea 1975. Forced relocations, torture, executions. Millions killed. 1979 Overthrown by Vietnamese. 1982-95 guerilla war. 1995 Amnesty. Pol Pot.

Kolin, Battle. 1757. Austrian victory forced Prussia to abandon Bohemia.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Logos. Greek force of cosmic order and reason. Link between God and man. Philo.

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