Sumerians. c6000-2000BC Civilization in Tigris-Euphrates valley. First writing system. First legal code. Akkad. Ur.

Thoreau, Henry. 1817-62. US naturist, anarchist essayist: Civil Disobedience 1848. Walden 1854.

Tigris-Euphrates. SW Asian river system. Assyrian, Chaldean civilizations.

Toynbee, Arnold J. 1889-75. English historian on the cyclicality of civilizations. Study of History 1934-61.

Tribonian. -545 Byzantine. Compiled Corpus Juris Civilis law code 529.

26th of July Movement. 1956-9. Castro rebels in Cuban Revolution. Named for date of failed attack on Santiago barracks 1953.

Ulster Troubles. 1969-. Unionist attack on civil rights march led to revival of hostilities.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. USSR. 1917 Communist revolution, Civil War. 1923 Union of states. 1939 +Galicia. 1940 +Baltic States, Bessarabia, Karelia. 1945 +Ruthenia. Recognized: 1923 US, 1924 Britain, 1940 Yugoslavia. 1991 Dissolved. Russia.

Villiers, G. 1592-1628. First Duke of Buckingham. Incompetent favourite of Charles I who dissolved parliament to prevent his impeachment, 1626 causing Civil War.

Wakefield, Battle. 1460. War of Roses. 1643 English Civil War.

Westminster, Statute of. 1275,85,90. First reference to Great Council of England as Parliament. Reformed civil and criminal law. Legal protection for poor. 1931. British affirmation of autonomous dominion of British Empire countries. Established British Commonwealth.

Worcester, Battle. 1651. Cromwell defeats Royalists. Last revolt after English Civil War.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

Zapotec. 6-16C. Advanced Mexican civilization in Oaxaca.

Aarau Treaty. 1712. Ended Swiss War.

Abel, Frederick. 1827-1902. English inventor of military explosive cordite with Dewar, 1889.

Abyssinia-Italy War. 1894-6. Ended Italian colonialism.

Abyssinian War. 1935-6. Italy invades Ethiopia. League of Nations ineffective.

Achilles. Greek hero of Trojan Wars, invulnerable except for his heel, subject of Homer’s Iliad.

Achinese War. 1873-1904. Dutch defeat Moslems in Sumatra.

Adenauer, Konrad. 1876-1967. First chancellor of German Federal Republic., 1949-63. Stabilized postwar Germany.

Adrianople, Treaty. 1829. Ends Russo-Turkish War. Ottomans cede control of Greece.

Aegospotami. 405BC. Naval battle, ends Peloponnesian War. Victory of Lysander vs Athens.

Afghanistan. c200BC Aryan. 6C BC Achaemenid. 330 Alexander...Seleucid/ Maurya. 2C BC Persia/ India/ Parthia/ Kushan. 7C Arab (NW). 750 Persia (W)/ Hindu (E). 1219 Mongol...Timurid. 1525 Mogul. 1737 Persia. 1747 Monarchy. 19 C Britain/Russia dispute 1880 British suzerainty. 1919 Independent. 1973 Marxist coup, Republic. 1978 Communist coup. 1979 Russian occupation. 1989 Mujahideen expel Russians aided by CIA. 1990s Warlords. 2001 US attack Taliban.

Agamemnon. Legendary King of Argos/Mycenae. Led Greeks in Trojan War.

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