Trent Affair. 1861. US sieze British mail ship in Civil War, remove two Confederate commissioners.

United Empire Loyalists. 18C. Colonists who supported Britain during American Revolution, went to Canada.

United States of America. USA. 40,000-20,000BC Asians settle. 1492-1776 Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands, Britain colonize. 1776 American Revolution. 1783 Thirteen Colonies independent. Manifest Destiny. 1845 +Texas. 1848 +California. 1867 +Alaska. 1898 +Hawaii, Puerto Rico.

Vergennes, Charles, Compte de. 1719-87. French foreign minister. Allied with American revolutionaries. Treaty of Paris 1783.

Walker, William. 1824-60. American filibuster. Nicaraguan president. 1856-7.

Walking Purchase. 1737. Americans cheat Indians in buying Delaware land by running instead of walking to determine land size. French-Indian Wars 1754-63.

War of 1812. Anglo-American War.

Washington, George. 1732-99. American Revolution commander, First US President.

Webster, Noah. 1758-1843. US lexicographer. Simplified American spelling. Speller 1783. Dictionary 1828.

Wells, Henry. 1805-78. US founder of express company, 1848. American Express 1850. Wells Fargo 1852.

Westminster, Treaties. 1654 Ends Dutch War. Dutch pay England. 1662 England, Brandenberg most-favoured nation status. 1674 Dutch American colonies to Britain. 1756 Prussia, British neutrality.

Whipple, Abraham. 1733-1819. American Revolutionary. Captured 11 British ships 1779.

William, Willis. 1883-1963. US poet. Pictures from Brueghel. In the American Grain.

Wood, Grant. 1892-1942. US midwest regionalist painter. American Gothic 1930.

Wyoming Massacre. 1778. British Loyalists, Indians attack American settlement while men away in Washington’s army. 360 women, children killed.

Yamasee War. 1715-16. American natives revolt vs English settlers. Dispersed.

Yorktown, Siege. 1781. British surrender to American and French forces. American Revolution.

Ali. 4th Caliph, 656-661. Son-in-law of Muhammad. Succession led to Sunni/Shi’ite split. Moslem Civil War.

Amorites. 1900-1600BC. Babylonian civilization conquered Sumerians. Hammurabi.

Aryans. 2000BC. Nomads from Steppes spread to India. Founded Indus Civilization, 3240-2750BC. Hyksos Empire in Syria, 1720-1550BC. Introduced horse chariots. Basis for all Indo-European languages.

Beirut. 20C BC Phoenicia. 15BC Rome. 635 Moslem. 1110 Crusaders. 1187 Saladin. 1516 Ottoman. 1291 Mameluk. 1920 Capital of Lebanon. 1975-90 Lebanese Civil War.

Benefit of Clergy. 1170-1827. Literates and clergy exempt from trial by English civil court. 1489- Once only, branding. Jonson.

Britain, Battle of. 1940-1. German blitz air raids on British civilian centers. RAF defeats Luftwaffe, averting invasion.

Buchanan, James. 1791-1868. US President 1857-61. Compromise policy failed to avert civil war.

Burckhardt, Jacob. 1818-97. Swiss cultural historian. Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 1860.

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