Amana Colonies. 1855. Successful Pietist communes in Iowa.

Mahavira, Vardhamana. 599-527BC. Indian founder of Jainism: -“All life is sacred”.

Asiento. 1517-1750. Monopoly contracts to supply slaves to Spanish colonies.

Australia. c28,000BC Australoids. 1606 Sighted by Portuguese. 1668 Dampier lands. 1770 Cook claims for England. 1788-1868 Penal colonies. 1901 Independent commonwealth.

Black Code. 1685. Louis XIV edict on treatment of slaves in French colonies.

British Empire. 1500-1997. Britain, its colonies and protectorates. Commonwealth.

Brunei. 15C + Borneo. 16-18C Decline; European colonies. 1888 British protectorate. WWII Japanese occupy. 1971 Self-governing. 1983 Independent Sultanate.

Buccaneers. 1630-97. British,French,Dutch pirates vs Spanish ships and colonies in Caribbean, S. America. Morgan.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Daye, Stephen. 1594-1668. First printing press in American colonies 1639.

Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776. American colonies declare independence from British rule during War of Independence.

Dutch East India Company. 1602-1798. Trade, colonies in Orient. Controlled Ceylon, Cape Colony, Jakarta.

France. 6C BC Celt, Greek colonies. 51BC Rome. 3-5C Franks, Visigoths inv. 481 Merovingian emp. 751 Carolingian. 843 Split = W Frankish Kingdom. 987 Capetian. 1016 + Burgundy. 1378 Valois dyn. 1589 Bourbon dyn. 1792 Republic. 1799 Consulate. 1804 Empire. 1814 Monarchy rest. 1848 2nd Republic. 1852 2nd Empire. 1870 3rd Republic. 1940 German occupation. 1946 4th Republic. 1958 5th Republic.

French Guiana. 1604 French settle. 1809 France/Portugal. 1816 French. 1852-1946 Penal colonies. Devil’s Is.

Gran Colombia. 1819-30. Bolivar’s independent republic of former Spanish colonies. Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador. New Granada.

Hanno. 5C BC. Carthaginian. Established colonies in West Africa.

Italian East Africa. 1936-41. Italian colonies in Africa. Ethiopia, Eritrea, Italian Somaliland.

Jenkins’ Ear, War. 1739-43. England vs Spain over restrictions of trade with Spanish colonies...War of Austrian Succession. Spanish cut ear, 1731.

Libya. 7C BC Phoenician, Carthage, Greek colonies. 46BC Rome. 476 Vandal(W). 534 Byzantine 647 Arab. 1551 Ottoman. 1911 Italian colony. 1943 British/French 1950 Independent Kingdom. 1969 Qaddafi coup. Terrorism. Lockerbie.

Louis I. 1838-89. King of Portugal, 1861-. Ended slavery in colonies.

Magna Graecia. 8-6C BC. Greek colonies in S Italy. Cumae, Tarentum.

Malaya. 200BC Indian colonies. 1511 Portugal. 1641 Dutch. 1795 Britain. 1948-63 Federation of Malaya. 1963 Malaysia.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Navigation Acts. 14-19C. Limited trade to England and colonies to British ships.

New France. c1600-1763. French colonies in North America.

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