Philadelphia. Greek name for Amman, Jordan.

Philip I. 1052-1108. French king 1060-. Recovered Normandy for France.

Philip II. 1165-1223. French Capetian king 1179-. 3rd Crusade. Conquered Flanders. Doubled France. Fought Richard the Lion Heart for Angevin Empire.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Philippine Revolution. 1896-8. For independence from Spain allowed US control. Insurrection.

Pickford, Mary. 1893-1979. Canadian/US silent film actress.

Picquart, Georges. 1854-1914. French general imprisoned for defense of Dreyfus.

Pied Piper of Hamelin. Legend based on Children’s Crusade. Leads children away when townspeople refuse to pay for ridding town of vermin.

Place de Grève. -1830 Meeting place for Paris unemployed in Middle Ages.

Plato. c428-347BC. Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates’ Dialogs. Free-will. Republic. “There exist absolute truths. Mind imprints its idea on matter. Mind has always existed and seeks to free itself from matter and return to God.” Founded Academy c387. Symposium c384. Apologia c399. Quest for good will lead to harmony in the world.

Plehve, Vyacheslav. 1846-1904. Russian official. Forced Russification. Pogroms vs Jews.

Plimsoll, Samuel. 1824-98. English reformer. Defined ship loading mark.

Plombières Agreement. 1858. Napoleon III agrees to support Cavour (Piedmont) vs Austria in return for Savoy and Nice.

Plotinus. 205-270. Greek philosopher. His Neoplatonism influenced Islam, Christianity. Quest for Good through intelligence. “Creation is fall from God. Evil is the nature of man. Good is freedom from senses.”

Poisons Affair. 1679. French scandal. Nobles using love potions and poisons from fortune tellers. Mme de Montespan implicated. La Voisin. Brinvilliers.

Pole, Reginald. 1500-58. Archbishop of Canterbury. Opposed Reformation.

Polyanov, Peace. 1634. Poland receives Smolensk for recognizing first Romanov czar, Michael.

Pont de la Concorde. Paris. Built 1787-91 from stones of Bastille so people could forever trample ruins.

Pony Express. 1860-61. Missouri-California mail delivery. Cody.

Populist Movement. 1890s. US agrarian reform coalition.

Post-Impressionism. -1910. Modern art movement of solid color and forms as a reaction to Impressionism. Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin.

Poznán Riots. 1956. Polish workers strike for bread and freedom. 53 killed by Russian troops. Led to new regime, Hungarian Uprising.

Prague Spring. 1968. Czech reforms face Soviet intervention. Dubcek.

Preston, Battle. 1648. Cromwell defeats Charles I last forces in English Civil War.

Progressive Bloc. 1915-17. Russian liberals urging reforms.

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