Ninety-five Theses. 1517. Document Luther nailed to Wittenburg church door. Began Reformation.

Nonconformists. Those who do not subscribe to a state religion. Act of Uniformity.

Norfolk, 4th Duke. 1538-1572. Executed for Ridolfi plot.

Northwest Rebellion. 1885. Saskachewan natives and Métis for land rights. Defeated. Riél.

Nuremberg Trials. 1945-6. Trials of 22 Nazi leaders for crimes in WWII. 12 death sentences.

OAS. Organization of American States. 1948. Western Hemisphere organization for peace, security, and economic cooperation. Cuba expelled 1962.

OAU. Organization of African Unity. 1963. Formed to improve living standards and eliminate colonialism.

Obregón, Alvaro. 1880-1928. Reforming Mexican President 1920-24. Peace after civil war.

OCAS. Organization of Central American States. 1951-. For regional and economic unity. CACM.

Occam, William. c1280-1349. English Franciscan Nominalist philosopher. “Science is about things, philosophy about terms and concepts”. Occam’s razor: “It is vain to do with more, what can be done with fewer” (Science or Logic). Incompatibility of knowledge and faith, 1332. Opposed Aquinas Aristotelian realism. “Universal ideas exist only in the mind”. Influenced Reformation.

Octavia. -11BC. Octavian’s sister. Antony’s wife 40-30BC before Cleopatra.

Odets, Clifford. 1906-63. US playwright of social protest. Waiting for Lefty 1935. Golden Boy 1937.

OECD. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1961. For expansion of world trade. OEEC + US, Canada, Australia, NZ.

Oecolampadius, Johannes. 1482-1531. German Reformation theologian. Drafted Confession of Basel 1531.

OEEC. Organization for European Economic Cooperation. 1948-61. Western European trade organization. OECD.

Oenone. Nymph wife of Paris. Deserted for Helen of Troy.

Oglethorpe, James. 1696-1785. English. Penal reform. Founded Georgia 1733 as haven for bankrupts.

Old Believers. 17C- Russian sect vs Nikon’s reforms.

Oldcastle, John. c1378-1417. English soldier. Lollard heretic leader. Model for Falstaff.

Opium Wars. 1839-42 Hong Kong ceded to Britain. 1856-60. French, British force China to open trade, legalize opium. Demonstrated European weapon superiority. Nanking Treaty.

Ordeal, Trial by. -1219. English common form of trial. eg: fire, battle, dunking.

Orestes. -476. Roman general. Deposed Nepos for his son, Romulus Augustulus.

Orff, Carl. 1895-1982. Modern German composer. Straightforward. Carmina Burana 1936.

Oscar I. 1799-1859. King of Norway and Sweden 1844-. Liberal reforms.

Ostracism. Athenian 10 year exile for disrupting stability.

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