Frederick the Fair. 1286-1330. Fought Louis IV unsuccessfully for German crown 1314-22.

French Community. 1958-. France + Overseas departments + former territories.

Fromm, Erich. 1900-80. German/US psychoanalyst. Man for Himself 1947. The Sane Society 1955.

Frontier. Moving US boundary between developed east and unsettled west. Opportunity for adventureres, explorers, pioneers.

Fry, Christopher. 1907-. English dramatist: Lady’s not for Burning 1948. Venus Observed. Ben Hur 1959.

Fry, Elizabeth. 1780-1845. English Quaker prison reformer.

Gabrieli, Andrea. c1510-86. Venetian church music composer. First to combine voice and instruments in concerto form.

Galapagos. 1535 Berlanga discovers for Spain. 1832 Ecuador. 1835 Darwin visits.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gallas, Matthias. 1584-1647. General for Holy Roman Empire during Thirty Years War. Troops annihilated.

Galsworthy, John. 1867-1933. British writer. Forsythe Saga 1906-21.

Gautier, Théophile. 1811-72. French poet. -“Art for art’s sake”. Mlle de Maupin 1835.

General Strike. UK 1926, TUC supports miners for 9 days. Belgium 1893, 1902, for male suffrage. Sweden 1909, vs wage freeze for 1 month.

Genêt, Edmond. 1763-1834. French diplomat. Failed to win US support for war vs Britain.

Geoffrey Plantagenet. 1113-51. Count of Anjou. Conquered Normandy for his son Henry II.

Geometric. c9C BC. Last Mycenaean Greek art form.

German Confederation. 1815-66. 39 states allied for mutual defence. Dominated by Austria.

Gettysburg. 1863. Lincoln’s address given to dedicate Civil War cemetery. “Four score and seven years ago...Government of the people, by the people, for the people”.

Ghazigi. “Warriors of the faith”. Ottoman military before Janissaries.

Gilbert, Humphrey. c1539-83. Claimed Newfoundland for England, 1583.

Gillespie, Dizzy. 1917-93. US jazz, big band performer/leader. Founder of Bebop.

Gladiators. 264BC-5C. Roman armed combatants for entertainment.

Gladstone, William. 1809-98. English Liberal reform Prime Minister 1868~94. Secret ballot. Public Education. Irish land reforms.

Glencoe Massacre. 1692. Campbells kill 38 MacDonalds for late oath of allegiance to King William.

Glinka, Mikhail. 1804-57. First important Russian Nationalist composer. A Life for the Czar 1836.

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