Czechoslovakia. 1918 Formed in breakup of Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1920 Little Entente. 1938 -Sudetenland. 1939-45 German occupation. 1949 People’s Democratic Republic. 1968 Prague Spring. 1991 Republic. 1993 Split into Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Czechoslovakia Intervention. 1968. Russian troops end Dubcek reform policies. Warsaw Pact maintains right to intervene anywhere Socialism is threatened.

Dacia. Ancient name for Romania.

Damon and Pythias. Syracuse true friends. Damon pledged his life for Pythias’, awaiting execution.

Dana, Richard. 1815-82. US writer. Two Years Before the Mast.

Danaïdes. 50 daughters of Danaus. 49 condemed to fill sieves for murdering their husbands. Hypermestra.

Danton, Georges. 1759-94. French Cordelier, Jacobin. Girondin leader 1792-3. Defeated foreign interveners. Executed by Robespierre.

Darrow, Clarence. 1857-1938. US defense lawyer for Leopold and Loeb, Scopes, Debs.

Deane, Silas. 1737-89. American Revolutionary. First US foreign diplomat.

Defender of the Faith. 1521. Title conferred by Pope Leo X on Henry VIII. Withdrawn after Act of Supremacy. Reconfirmed by Parliament, 1544 for all succeeding monarchs.

DeForest, Lee. 1873-1961. US vacuum tube inventor.

Delany, Martin. 1812-85. US black physician. Founded Mystery newspaper for black rights.

Delft. Dutch city famous 17-18C for pottery.

Delhi Pact. 1931. Civil disobedience in India ceased in exchange for prisoner release. 1950. India, Pakistan restore rights, freedom of movement for refugees.

Delian League. 478-404BC. 140-400 Greek cities allied for mutual protection vs Persia. Basis of Athenian power. Revived 378 as Athenian League.

Della Robbia, Luca. c1400-82. Italian sculptor. Angels for Florence Cathedral Cantoria. c1435. Introduced enamelled terra-cotta.

Demagogue. In Greece, leader popular with masses. Now, a politician who plays on popular passions for personal gain.

Descartes, René. 1596-1650. French Rationalist philosopher, physician, mathematician. Cartesian coordinates. Discourse on Method 1637. “Cogito ergo sum”-I think, therefore I am. Analytical Geometry 1636. Meditations 1641. Principia Philosophica 1645.

Deuteronomic Reform. c621BC. Religious reforms in Judah. Josiah.

Diamond Necklace Affair. 1785. Necklace bought for Marie Antionette; not paid for. French Revolution.

Diaz, Porfirio. 1830-1915. Mexican rebel, dictator 1877-1911. Apparent prosperity, but resources sold to foreigners.

Dictator. In Rome, chosen by consuls in emergency for 6 mo. term.

Dictionary. 150BC Chinese. 1612 Italian. 1933 OED.

Diogenes (The Cynic). c413-327BC. Greek philosopher. Cynic. Looked for an honest man. Declined gifts of Alexander the Great. Lived in a tub. Sought virtue and moral freedom.

Dix, Dorothea. 1802-87. US social reformer for mentally ill.

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