Remarque, Erich. 1898-1970. German/US writer. All Quiet on the Western Front 1929.

Remus. Twin brother of Romulus; legendary founders of Rome. Killed by Romulus after jumping over town wall.

Rhodes. <1000BC Minoan. Dorian. 5C BC Delian League. 43BC Rome alliance. 653 Saracen. 1309 Knights of St John. 1522 Turks. 1912 Italy. 1947 Greece. c1C BC School of rhetoric.

Richthofen, Manfred von. 1892-1918. WWI German air ace. Downed 80 Allied planes.

Rijswijk, Treaty. 1697. Ended War of Grand Alliance. William III acknowledged. Territories restored.

Robert, Charles. Paris balloonist 1783.

Roger I. 1031-1101. Brother, ally of Robert Guiscard. Ruled Two Sicilies 1085-.

Ronald. Pith ball electric telegraph 1816.

Roncesvalles, Battle. 778. Charlemagne ambushed in Pyrenees. Basis for Song of Roland.

Rousseau, Henri. Le Douanier. 1844-1910. Allegorical Expressionist painter. The Dream. Sleeping Gypsy 1897. Hungry Lion 1905.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1712-78. Swiss Enlightenment philosopher and writer. Began Romantic Movement. Stimulated French and American Revolutions. On Equality 1753. Social Contract 1762 influenced French Revolution (offended authorities), Confessions 1782. Man is prevented from being free only by society and cold science. Goodness and bounty of nature. Goodness of man. Advocates direct democracy at City-State level and dictatorship above. Sovereignty rests with people. General will aims at best for all.

Rowley, William. 1585-1642. English actor, playwright. All’s Lost by Lust 1619.

Royal Ballet. 1956. Academy of Choreographic Art 1926 + Sadler’s Wells 1930.

Ruche, La. the Beehive. Montparnasse Avant-garde artist residence and studio, 1900-30. Chagall. Léger.

Russian Revolution. 1905. Led to Duma, Constitution and end of Mir system. Police gradually regained authority. October Manifesto. Bloody Sunday. 1917 Feb: Liberal republicans overthrow Czar. Oct: Lenin’s Bolsheviks overthrow Kerensky’s Provisional Government, withdraw from WWI.

Ruthenian Church. 1594- = Uniate Catholic. Slavonic Roman Catholic. 1940 Allegiance changed to Russian Orthodox.

Sabbatarians. Christians for strict observance of sabbath by all. Blue Laws.

Saint-Just, Louis de. 1767-94. French revolutionary leader. Ally of Robespierre.

Sallust. c86-34BC. Roman historian. Expelled from Senate for immorality. Catilina.

Salonika Campaign. 1915-18. Allies take Serbia, Romania. Force Constantine I to abdicate.

San Ildefonso, Treaty. 1796. France, Spain allied vs England. 1801 Secret exchange: Louisiana to France, Etruria to Spain.

San Marino. 301 St Marinus the Dalmation settles. 1463 expanded. 1600 Constitution. Oldest, smallest independent republic.

Sangallo, Antonio da, the Younger. 1483-1546. Florentine architect. Rome’s Palazzo Farnese 1534-46.

Santander, Francisco. 1792-1840. Ally of Bolivar. President of New Granada 1833-7.

Saracoglu, Sükrü. 1887-1953. Turkish Prime Minister 1942-6. Atatürk ally.

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