Palatinate. 1156-. Region of south Germany ravaged during 30 Years War and War of Grand Alliance. Saar.

Palladian. Classical Roman British architecture. 1615-35 and 1715-60. Inigo Jones. Palladio.

Palladio, Andrea. 1508-80. Italian architect. Reintroduced Roman symmetry and proportion to Venetian villas. Suspension Bridge 1550. Architecture 1570.

Palladium. Sacred image of Athena protecting Troy. Stolen by Odysseus.

Pallas. Greek giant killed by Athena.

Pantheism. Religion or philosophy identifying God with all that exists. Hinduism.

Pantheon. 27BC. Rome. Temple to all the gods. 609 converted to Christian church.

Parmenides. 5C BC. Eleatic philosopher. Everything is an illusion. Mind creates the illusion of matter and motion. All is appearance of singular eternal reality.

Patel, Vallabhbhai. 1875-1950. Indian nationalist with Gandhi.

Pavlova, Anna. 1849-1931. Russian ballerina.

Peirce, Charles. 1839-1914. US philosopher. Pragmatism. -“logic is keystone of all knowledge”.

Penal Laws. 16C-1829. English persecution of Catholics.

Perfectionism. 19C. Conversion means freedom from all sin. Noyes. Oneida.

Perpetual Alliance. 1291. Association of Swiss Cantons which engendered today’s Confederation.

Philip V. The Tall. 1293-1322. French king 1316-. Succeeded over Joan by Salic Law.

Philip the Good. 1396-1467. Valois Duke of Burgundy 1419-. Allied with England vs France.

Philippe Auguste Wall. 1210. First defensive wall around Paris.

Philippine Revolution. 1896-8. For independence from Spain allowed US control. Insurrection.

Physiocrats. 18C. Agricultural based philosophy. Land is source of all wealth. Elimination of controls over economy. Laissez-Faire. Quesnay. Turgot.

Piaf, Edith. 1915-63. French music hall singer.

Piccard, Auguste. 1884-1962. Swiss physicist. Balloon to stratosphere. Bathyscaphe below ocean.

Pigalle, Jean-Baptiste. 1714-85. French sculptor. Mercury 1744.

Pilate, Pontius. -c39. Roman governor of Judea, who allowed Christ’s crucifixion.

Pilâtre de Rosier, Jean-François. 1756-85. Physician and balloonist. First ascent 1783 with Montgolfier; First free flight 1783 with d’Arlandes. Killed trying to cross Channel.

Pinkerton, Allan. 1819-84. Scottish/US founder first US detective agency 1850. Foiled plot vs Lincoln 1861.

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